Steering photon statistics in single quantum dots: From one- to two-photon emission

Callsen, Gordon; Carmele, Alexander; Hönig, Gerald; Kindel, Christian; Brunnmeier, J.; Wagner, Markus R.; Stock, E.; Reparaz, J. S.; Schliwa, A.; Reitzenstein, Stephan; Knorr, Andreas; Hoffmann, Achim; Kako, Satoshi; Arakawa, Yasuhiko

doi:10.1103/physrevb.87.245314

Cited by 49 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The extracted bunching magnitude reveals a monotonic drop with increasing excitation. This behaviour is typically observed in excitation-power dependent cross-correlation measurements3536 and does not carry information on the twin-photon generation efficiency (as discussed above). However, the decrease of the bunching for photon twins (auto-correlation) is less pronounced compared to the distinguishable XX–X photon pairs (cross-correlation), which indicates a change in the generation efficiency of photon twins in the degenerate cascade channel.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

A bright triggered twin-photon source in the solid state

et al. 2017

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A non-classical light source emitting pairs of identical photons represents a versatile resource of interdisciplinary importance with applications in quantum optics and quantum biology. To date, photon twins have mostly been generated using parametric downconversion sources, relying on Poissonian number distributions, or atoms, exhibiting low emission rates. Here we propose and experimentally demonstrate the efficient, triggered generation of photon twins using the energy-degenerate biexciton–exciton radiative cascade of a single semiconductor quantum dot. Deterministically integrated within a microlens, this nanostructure emits highly correlated photon pairs, degenerate in energy and polarization, at a rate of up to (234±4) kHz. Furthermore, we verify a significant degree of photon indistinguishability and directly observe twin-photon emission by employing photon-number-resolving detectors, which enables the reconstruction of the emitted photon number distribution. Our work represents an important step towards the realization of efficient sources of twin-photon states on a fully scalable technology platform.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

A bright triggered twin-photon source in the solid state

et al. 2017

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“…enhanced probability for the correlation g (2) XX-X(0), if  > ¼ (while  +  +  +  = 1). Thus, by introducing the parameter  we are able to quantify the efficiency of the cascade, despite the excitation-dependent exciton occupation discussed in previous reports 30,31 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A bright triggered twin-photon source in the solid state

Heindel

Thoma

Helversen

et al. 2017

2017 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe &Amp; European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

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A non-classical light source emitting pairs of identical photons represents a versatile resource of interdisciplinary importance with applications in quantum optics and quantum biology. To date, photon twins have mostly been generated using parametric downconversion sources, relying on Poissonian number distributions, or atoms, exhibiting low emission rates. Here we propose and experimentally demonstrate the efficient, triggered generation of photon twins using the energy-degenerate biexciton-exciton radiative cascade of a single semiconductor quantum dot. Deterministically integrated within a microlens, this nanostructure emits highly correlated photon pairs, degenerate in energy and polarization, at a rate of up to (234 ± 4) kHz. Furthermore, we verify a significant degree of photon indistinguishability and directly observe twin-photon emission by employing photon-number-resolving detectors, which enables the reconstruction of the emitted photon number distribution. Our work represents an important step towards the realization of efficient sources of twin-photon states on a fully scalable technology platform.

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“…This becomes especially evident in the case when only a few quantum-dots or photons are involved in the lasing process [RIT10,GIE11]. Then, the non-classical light output from quantum-dots can be used, e.g., for creation of entangled photons [BEN00a] or single-photon emission [UNR12,CAL13]. When discussing optical feedback of few-photon quantum-dot lasers, non-classical effects were also found to arise, characterized by a "bunching" of photons [ALB11,SCH13g], that is unaccounted for in semi-classical models.…”

Section: Light-matter Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear and Nonequilibrium Dynamics of Quantum-Dot Optoelectronic Devices

Lingnau

2015

Springer Theses

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In this thesis the dynamics and performance of optoelectronic devices based on semiconductor quantum-dots are investigated.In the first part, the dynamics of quantum-dot lasers under external perturbations is discussed. Using a microscopically based balance equation model that incorporates detailed charge-carrier scattering dynamics and the possibility to describe nonequilibrium between intra-band electronic states, the relaxation oscillations of the quantum-dot laser are investigated. Three qualitatively different dynamic regimes are identified in dependence of the scattering rates -the "constantreservoir" regime for slow scattering, the "overdamped" regime, and the "synchronized" regime for high scattering -characterized by a varying degree of nonequilibrium between the quantum-dot and reservoir states.Important differences to conventional lasers are found in the modulation response and the dynamics in optical injection and feedback setups. Common theoretical models and approaches used to describe these applications are shown to yield inaccurate predictions, especially in the "constant-reservoir" and "overdamped" dynamic regimes. An important consequence is that the amplitude-phase coupling in quantum-dot lasers, commonly described by the α-factor, differs from conventional descriptions due to the desynchronization of gain and refractive index. While the α-factor describes bifurcations of fixed points accurately, it fails in describing dynamic solutions and overestimates the extent of complex dynamics. The observed low sensitivity to optical perturbations in quantum-dot lasers can therefore be attributed partly to the charge-carrier nonequilibrium. Three quantum-dot laser models on different levels of sophistication are presented that can accurately describe the quantum-dot nonequilibrium dynamics.In the second part of the thesis, the performance of quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers is investigated, and two types of applications unique to quantum-dots as active medium are discussed. The ground and excited states of the quantum-dots allow an ultra-broad-band amplification of optical data streams. Amplified signals on the ground-state frequencies are shown to generally exhibit higher quality than on the excited state, due to a lower sensitivity of the groundstate to carrier-density variations. Nevertheless the quantum-dot amplifier is found to allow effective amplification on both frequency ranges. Furthermore, a parameter range is identified that allows for a simultaneous amplification of data signals on the ground and excited state in a counter-propagating setup.The long microscopically polarization dephasing times in quantum-dots are found to enable quantum-coherent interactions on a macroscopic scale at room-temperature. By comparison with experiments, the occurrence of Rabi-oscillations by amplification of ultra-short pulses is demonstrated. Quantum-dot based devices could therefore be used for future applications based on quantum-coherent effects.

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Steering photon statistics in single quantum dots: From one- to two-photon emission

Cited by 49 publications

References 33 publications

A bright triggered twin-photon source in the solid state

A bright triggered twin-photon source in the solid state

A bright triggered twin-photon source in the solid state

Nonlinear and Nonequilibrium Dynamics of Quantum-Dot Optoelectronic Devices

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