Steering model identification and control design of autonomous ship: a complete experimental study

Digital twin for ship life-cycle: A critical systematic review

“…It should be also noted that the relevant openaccess articles on Digital Twins in the shipping industry published and indexed between September and November 2022 do not alter the conclusions of the presented systematic review. The main works confirm the focus on the operation phase, covering the field of engines , structures (Liu and Ren, 2022;Parunov et al, 2022) and control/motions (Lee et al, 2022;Raza et al, 2022;Dubey et al, 2022). In addition, only one paper addresses the IoT (Lv et al, 2022), and another is related to the ship's operational profile optimisation (Eom et al, 2022), specifically on the berthing process.…”