“…When these ion populations interact with the solar wind, they can lead to generation of low‐frequency (LF) plasma waves via resonance, usually with a frequency near the ion gyrofrequency [ Russell , ]. Upstream LF waves excited by newly born pickup ions have been observed at Mars [ Russell et al , ] and at comets [ Brinca and Tsurutani , ; Brinca , ; Le et al , ; Mazelle and Neubauer , ; Tan et al , ; Thorne and Tsurutani , ; Tsurutani and Smith , ; Tsurutani et al , ]. These pickup ions are formed by photoionization or electron impact ionization of neutrals in the exospheres of planets and comets.…”