Steep increase in HIV prevalence among tuberculosis patients in Ho Chi Minh City

Quy, Hoang Thi; Nhien, Dang T. T.; Lan, Nguyễn Thị Ngọc; Borgdorff, Martien W.; Broekmans, J. F.

doi:10.1097/00002030-200204120-00016

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…We found the lowest MDR rate in the age group of 15 -24 years. Similarly, in the previous studies the lowest MDR rate was reported in the younger age groups (in the 10 -19 and 15 -24 age groups) [13] [14]. Presumably, the reason of the low MDR rate in the younger age is the more new TB cases in this age group.…”

Section: Age (Years) Mdr + N (%) Mdr − N (%) Totalsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Another factor is higher number of males than females with tuberculosis. However, some studies reported no difference for the rate of MDR TB with respect to gender [13] [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A previous study conducted in Vietnam, reported the highest MDR rate in the same age group [13]. In another study from Turkey, the highest MDR rate was reported in the age group of 30 -39 years [15].…”

Section: Age (Years) Mdr + N (%) Mdr − N (%) Totalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drug Resistance Trends and Patterns of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolates from Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Turkey

Yazar¹,

Yıldız²,

Günlüoğlu³

et al. 2014

JTR

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Background: We aim to determine the proportions and patterns of resistance to first-line drugs: isoniazid (H), rifampicin (R), ethambutol (E) and streptomycin (S) among pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Methods: Strains were obtained from 1584 culture positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients. All specimens were inoculated into Löwenstein-Jensen media (LJ) and TK selective; drug susceptibility tests (DST) were performed for first-line drugs. Results: Multidrug resistant (MDR) were detected in 146 (9.2%) isolates. Three hundred (18.9%) isolates were resistant to H; 220 (13.9%) to R; 168 (10.6%) to S; 137 (8.6%) to E. Any drug resistance was detected in 442 (27.9%) isolates. MDR rate was higher in male patients than females (P = 0.006). MDR rates were different according to the age groups (P = 0.02). The highest rate was in 35 -44 years and the lowest rate was in 15 -24 years. Conclusions: We found an association between middle age and male gender and MDR tuberculosis.

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Section: Age (Years) Mdr + N (%) Mdr − N (%) Totalsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Another factor is higher number of males than females with tuberculosis. However, some studies reported no difference for the rate of MDR TB with respect to gender [13] [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drug Resistance Trends and Patterns of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolates from Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Turkey

Yazar¹,

Yıldız²,

Günlüoğlu³

et al. 2014

JTR

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“…In more recent years, however, rising HIV infection rates in TB patients have been documented in Ho Chi Minh City, the major urban area with the highest HIV prevalence in the country ( 11 ). Since 1997, Ho Chi Minh City has also reported increasing TB rates, particularly for young adults ( 12 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV and Tuberculosis in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, 1997–2002

Tran

Houben

Hoang

et al. 2007

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…However, rifampin resistance can be used as a surrogate marker of MDR-TB in many settings (21,26 (17). Around 25% of primary isolates are isoniazid resistant in Ho Chi Minh City, and 15% are isoniazid and streptomycin dual resistant (15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism for Rapid, Low-Cost Identification of Isoniazid-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis

et al. 2007

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PCR-restriction fragment length poymorphism (PCR-RFLP) is a simple, robust technique for the rapid identification of isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One hundred consecutive isolates from aVietnamese tuberculosis hospital were tested by MspA1I PCR-RFLP for the detection of isoniazid-resistant katG_315 mutants. The test had a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 100% against conventional phenotypic drug susceptibility testing. The positive and negative predictive values were 1 and 0.86, respectively. None of the discrepant isolates had mutant katG_315 codons by sequencing. The test is cheap (less than $1.50 per test), specific, and suitable for the rapid identification of isoniazid resistance in regions with a high prevalence of katG_315 mutants among isoniazid-resistant M. tuberculosis isolates.Tuberculosis (TB) control is threatened by increasing resistance to first-line antituberculous agents. The WHO estimates that in the year 2004, 4.3% of new TB cases globally were multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) (29), defined as resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampin. Treatment regimens for MDR-TB are more complex, less potent, more toxic, and more expensive than first-line regimens, resulting in poorer tolerability and adherence and higher morbidity and mortality rates. Early identification of drug-resistant and particularly MDR strains is routine in developed low-prevalence countries, but the methods are currently unavailable to and too costly for resource-poor nations, where the burden of disease is greatest. Early identification of MDR-TB is crucial in order to permit the timely administration of appropriate drug regimens and could potentially improve the efficacy of MDR treatment schemes, such as directly observed treatment, short course-plus.Isoniazid is a prodrug that is activated through cleavage by catalase peroxidase, the product of the katG gene. The active drug has a complex mode of action, which remains to be fully elucidated but principally targets mycolic acid biosynthesis pathways. Upregulation of the inhA gene product, an enoyl-ACP reductase, can overwhelm the impact of isoniazid.Resistance to isoniazid is achieved through mutations in the katG gene, predominantly at codon 315, and in the inhA promoter for the majority of isolates. Mutations in other genes, such as ahpC and ndh, have been implicated in isoniazid resistance, but their roles are not yet proven. A role for kasA gene mutation in isoniazid resistance has recently been discredited (7). Many isolates are isoniazid resistant without any mutations in known target genes, and the mechanism of resistance for these isolates remains obscure.Phenotypic sensitivity testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is time-consuming, requiring 2 to 4 weeks from primary specimen in settings with rapid liquid culture systems, such as BACTEC MGIT 960, and 6 to 8 weeks in settings with solidmedium culture (14).Several approaches to the rapid identification of isoniazid resistance have been reported in the literature, including realtime PCR (22), s...

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Steep increase in HIV prevalence among tuberculosis patients in Ho Chi Minh City

Cited by 10 publications

References 3 publications

Drug Resistance Trends and Patterns of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolates from Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Turkey

Drug Resistance Trends and Patterns of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolates from Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Turkey

HIV and Tuberculosis in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, 1997–2002

PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism for Rapid, Low-Cost Identification of Isoniazid-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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