Steel Slag as New Catalyst for the Synthesis of Fames from Soybean Oil

Abstract

For the first time, secondary steel slag, the material directly coming from ladle treatments, is used as a catalyst for the biodiesel production without undergoing any preliminary chemical or thermal modifications. Catalytic material 1, which has been pre-ground to sizes below 230 mesh, has been characterized for the surface textural properties and used as a catalyst in the transesterification of triglycerides of soybean oil to produce biodiesel. Reaction conditions were optimized by DOE method, revealing no interdependence between reaction parameters and results, and showed a catalytic activity comparable with that of an analogous slag-deriving catalyst reported in the literature.

Steel slag as low-cost catalyst for artificial photosynthesis to convert CO2 and water into hydrogen and methanol

“…1 A). Besides, as previously reported 11 , Manganese (2.9%), Calcium, Aluminium, and Oxygen were also detected by EDX analysis, Furthermore, the FT-IR spectrum showed signals at 1636 and 1453 cm −1 due to presence of CaO and Fe(II)/Fe(III) oxides (Supporting Information Fig. S2 ).…”

“…Inspired by the Circular Economy principles and following our ongoing interest in developing sustainable synthetic protocols 9 , 10 , we paid attention to steel slag, an industrial by-product coming from the steelmaking process, which we previously used as catalyst in biodiesel production 11 and that has never been employed in photocatalysis.…”

Steel Slag Decorated with Calcium Oxide and Cerium Oxide as a Solid Base for Effective Transesterification of Palm Oil

“…For resource utilization of steel slag, Liu et al [12] studied the synthesis of hydrotalcite-type mixed oxide catalysts from waste steel slag for transesterification. Casiello et al [13] verified the feasibility of steel slag as a catalyst for synthesizing fames from soybean oil. Elsewhere, Kang et al [14] prepared a novel CeO 2 -loaded porous alkali-activated steel slag-based photocatalyst used for photocatalytic water-splitting for hydrogen production.…”

Multifunctional halloysite and hectorite catalysts for effective transformation of biomass to biodiesel

“…For example, Hal was successfully used by us as support in the ZnO nanoparticle-catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides (Massaro et al, 2020). From this study, clearly emerged a strong synergistic effect between ZnO supported onto Hal and tetraalkylammonium-based ionic liquids, that were used as additives playing the role of phase transfer catalysts (PTC) (Casiello et al, 2019;Casiello et al, 2021). Although efficient, the as-composed, semi-heterogeneous catalytic system showed the drawback of long and tedious separation and recycling procedures.…”