Steel Beam Compressive Strain Sensor Using Single-Mode-Multimode-Single-Mode Fiber Structure

Masnan, S.E.F.; Zulkifli, Ahmad Zarif; Azmi, N.M.; Akib, Shatirah; Razak, Hashim Abdul; Arof, Hamzah; Harun, Sulaiman Wadi

doi:10.1109/jphot.2016.2523255

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Of late, single-multi-single mode (SMS) fibers have become a key technology in the development of optical devices. Based on the underlying principle of multimode interference in a conventional multimode fiber (MMF), SMS fibers have seen increasing application as sensors [13][14][15][16], bandpass filters [17], and refractometers [14]. The SMS fiber is fabricated by simply splicing a step-index MMF between two standard single-mode fibers (SMFs), thus creating a sensor that is intrinsically immune to electromagnetic interference, due to the low sensitivity of silica to magneto-optical effects [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Q-switched dual-wavelength fiber laser using a graphene oxide saturable absorber and singlemode–multimode–singlemode fiber structure

et al. 2016

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A Q-switched dual-wavelength fiber laser using a graphene oxide-based saturable absorber to generate the desired output pulses is proposed and demonstrated. The system utilizes a singlemode–multimode–singlemode fiber structure to control the net losses in the cavity so that only two dominant wavelengths are allowed to oscillate. The proposed system is capable of generating an output with a high repetition rate of 27.1 kHz and a narrow pulse width of 4.03 µs. The output pulses also have average output power and pulse energy of up to 0.5 mW and 18.5 nJ, respectively. The 1st harmonic obtained has a high signal-to-noise ratio of 33.2 dB, indicating a highly stable pulse output with minimum mode hopping.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Q-switched dual-wavelength fiber laser using a graphene oxide saturable absorber and singlemode–multimode–singlemode fiber structure

et al. 2016

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“…As the length of MMF increases, this increases the number of spatial modes beating in the MMF; thus, the transmission spectrum comb pattern will become more prominent. However, Masnan et al observed, the length does not significantly influence the sensitivity of the sensor [40]. When the length of the MMF exceeds the acrylic rectangular plates length, the transmission loss of the MMF fiber is adversely affected by outside interferences or free end of MMF unstable in free space or inside transformer due to oil flow.…”

Section: B Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber Optic Acoustic Sensor Based on SMS Structure With Thin Polymer Diaphragm for Partial Discharge Detection

et al. 2020

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This paper proposes a fiber optic acoustic sensor (FOAS) based on a single-mode fibermultimode fiber-single-mode fiber (SMS) structure attached to a thin polymer film used as a diaphragm. The diaphragm was specially developed to enhance the sensitivity towards the acoustic pressure-wave resulted from the partial discharge (PD) events. The sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) characterizations of the FOAS without and with a thin polymer film were performed. Both time-resolved and phase-resolved partial discharge (PRPD) patterns measurements were carried out in air and oil media. The experiment was conducted with three-electrodes using FOAS in conjunction with the conventional PD measurement as per IEC 60270 standard. The sensor achieved a sensitivity up to-31.21 dBm and-30.8 (0 dBm is defined as 1V/µBar) using broadband and tunable light source, respectively. The discharge characteristics pattern of FOAS was verified with IEC 60270 standard, and the patterns of FOAS resembled IEC 60270 standard. The proposed FOAS was capable for detecting the PD using both broadband and tunable laser lights. The use of the thin polymer film had a significant impact on the acoustic sensitivity. With the simple, low-cost design structure and free from electromagnetic interference, FOAS is found to be suitable as an in-situ sensor for detecting the acoustic signals of partial discharge and can be utilized inside the transformer.

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“…It is simpler and relatively cheaper to be fabricated compared to the FBG. Therefore, the SMS sensors have been exploited in the past for various applications including strain and pressure sensing …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the SMS sensors have been exploited in the past for various applications including strain and pressure sensing. 12,13 In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a temperature sensor based on non-adiabatic microfiber and SMS structure probes. The microfiber and SMS devices are fabricated from a silica single mode optical fiber (SMF) using a flame brushing and fusion splicing, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance comparison of high temperature sensor based on non‐adiabatic silica microfiber and single mode‐multimode‐single mode fiber structure

Yusof

Razak

Arof

et al. 2018

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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A fiber‐based temperature sensor operating at high temperature was demonstrated using multimode interference effect and its performance was compared with that of two different probes based on a non‐adiabatic microfiber and singlemode‐multimode‐singlemode (SMS) fiber structure. Interference fringes of the output red‐shifted as the temperature increased due to the change in the effective refractive index of the multiple modes inside both structures. The sensor probes were able to measure the temperature variation up to 400°C with a linearity of more than 90%. The temperature sensitivity of the microfiber and SMS sensors is 6.0 pm/°C and 11.1 pm/°C, respectively. Our proposed sensors are simple, relatively cheap to be fabricated, and could operate at high temperatures above 300°C.

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Steel Beam Compressive Strain Sensor Using Single-Mode-Multimode-Single-Mode Fiber Structure

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

Q-switched dual-wavelength fiber laser using a graphene oxide saturable absorber and singlemode–multimode–singlemode fiber structure

Q-switched dual-wavelength fiber laser using a graphene oxide saturable absorber and singlemode–multimode–singlemode fiber structure

Fiber Optic Acoustic Sensor Based on SMS Structure With Thin Polymer Diaphragm for Partial Discharge Detection

Performance comparison of high temperature sensor based on non‐adiabatic silica microfiber and single mode‐multimode‐single mode fiber structure

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