Stearoyl CoA Desaturase 1: Role in Cellular Inflammation and Stress

Abstract

Stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the production of MUFA that are major components of tissue lipids. Alteration in SCD1 expression changes the fatty acid profile of these lipids and produces diverse effects on cellular function. High SCD1 expression is correlated with metabolic diseases such as obesity and insulin resistance, whereas low levels are protective against these metabolic disturbances. However, SCD1 is also involved in the regulation of inflammation and stress in distinct cell types, including β-cells, adipocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, and myocytes. Furthermore, complete loss of SCD1 expression has been implicated in liver dysfunction and several inflammatory diseases such as dermatitis, atherosclerosis, and intestinal colitis. Thus, normal cellular function requires the expression of SCD1 to be tightly controlled. This review summarizes the current understanding of the role of SCD1 in modulating inflammation and stress.

Perilipin-2 Deletion Impairs Hepatic Lipid Accumulation by Interfering with Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Protein (SREBP) Activation and Altering the Hepatic Lipidome

“…Thus, it is possible that WT and Plin2-null livers experience differences in basal regulation of ER stress components such as PERK and XBP1. Interestingly, links between reduced SCD1 activity and increased ER stress have been proposed to be mediated by increased membrane lipid saturation (62)(63)(64). Surprisingly, we found that ER stress resistance of Plin2-null animals is associated with both striking reductions in SCD1 and increased unsaturated/saturated ER membrane lipid ratio compared with WT animals, which appears to be driven primarily by substantial increases in long chain PUFA in Plin2-null mice.…”

Effects Of Dietary Supplementation With A Mixture Of Buckwheat Leaf And Flower On Fatty Acid Composition Of Rat Brain Phospholipids

“…In contrast, in full-period BLF supplemented rats the reduction of estimated Δ-9 desaturase activity was detected. Decreased Δ-9 desaturase activity is associated with many benefi cial effects on human health, such as prevention of fatty liver and insulin resistance, reduced risk of obesity and cancer, and reduced infl ammation [19][20][21][22], speaking in favor of positive effects of supplementation exerted when BLF mixture is applied concomitantly with the lipogenic diet, but not in the case of delayed supplementation as in partial-period BLF supplemented rats. The exogenous control of Δ-9 desturase activity is already well documented, being inhibited by a high intake of n-3 PUFA, n-6 PUFA and conjugated linoleic acid, and stimulated by carbohydrates, alcohol, cholesterol and liposoluble vitamins A and D [23].…”

Observation-driven inquiry: Raman spectroscopic imaging illuminates cancer lipid metabolism

“…The interaction with oncogenic signaling pathways supports lipid metabolism as a suitable target for anti-cancer therapy. Furthermore, multiple earlier publications reported the universal effectiveness of SCD1 inhibition in limiting the growth of cancer cells of various origins including lung, breast, prostate, and colon (12,13). Most significant was the observation that SCD1 and lipid desaturation were required for the formation and growth of cancer spheroids or xenograft tumors (8,12).…”

“…Considering the established link between obesity and risk of many types of cancer, the observation that SCD1 deficiency protected mice against high-fat diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis (13) suggests that SCD1 inhibitors could serve the dual purpose of blunting tumor growth and preventing obesity and associated metabolic conditions. On the other hand, loss of SCD1 function has been associated with the development of skin alopecia and inflammation, pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, liver dysfunction, and atherosclerosis (13). Furthermore, SCD1 is highly expressed in the brain.…”

“…In contrast, Li et al identified ovarian CSCs non-invasively and in a label-free manner by probing the intrinsic carbon-carbon double bonds of the lipid chains. Future usage of Raman tags such as isotopic 2 H-or 13 C-labeled or alkyne-tagged lipids, glucose, cholesterol, and other biomolecules will expand the capability of Raman spectroscopic imaging to assess metabolic differences between cancer subtypes for diagnosis and identification of therapeutic targets.…”