Steam reforming,ATR, partial oxidation: catalysts and reaction engineering

Abstract

This chapter presents steam reforming and partial oxidation as a means for converting a hydrocarbon feedstock into a hydrogen containing gas for fuel cells. The different reactor concepts, choice of catalyst and causes of deactivation are described together with reaction mechanisms. The advantages and disadvantages of the alternatives are discussed with emphasis on efficiency, operating conditions, type of fuel cell, and simplicity.

Preparation of highly active and stable NiO–CeO2 nanocatalysts for CO selective methanation

“…The methanation reaction has long been used as the final clean-up step in preparing synthesis gas for the ammonia synthesis [13,14] and lately as one solution for cleaning hydrogen for PEM fuel cells [15].…”

Influence of the catalyst loading on the activity and the CO selectivity of supported Ru catalysts in the selective methanation of CO in CO2 containing feed gases

“…The methanation of CO has attracted increasing interest in recent years because of its potential as simple technique for CO removal from H 2 -rich feed gases for low temperature fuel cells produced by steam reforming of fossil fuels or biomass based fuels [1]. It is an attractive alternative to the more commonly used Selective CO oxidation (PROX) reaction in cost sensitive small scale applications, since it avoids the controlled addition of a second gas (O 2 ).…”

“…It is an attractive alternative to the more commonly used Selective CO oxidation (PROX) reaction in cost sensitive small scale applications, since it avoids the controlled addition of a second gas (O 2 ). Since the resulting reformates typically contain also considerable amounts of CO 2 (15 -20%) [1][2][3][4][5], the reaction must be highly selective for CO methanation, with CO 2 methanation essentially being inhibited, otherwise the losses of H 2 would become intolerable [1,6].…”

Experimental investigation and development of a SVM model for hydrogenation reaction of carbon monoxide in presence of Co–Mo/Al2O3 catalyst

“…As a multipurpose energy carrier, synthetic natural gas (SNG) attracts increasing attention thanks to its potential as simple technique for CO removal, the continuous rising of natural gas prices, increasing concern on depletion of natural gas, and greenhouse effect of the released CO and CO 2 [1][2][3]. Methanation of syngas, as the key process of SNG processes, is a highly exothermic reaction accompanied by a large decrease in mole number was indicated as Eq.…”