Steam reforming of toluene as biomass tar model compound in a gliding arc discharge reactor

Liu, Shiyun; Mei, Danhua; Wang, Li; Tu, Xin

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2016.08.005

Cited by 185 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Number of gaseous components entering a reactor-similar to a real biomass producer gas, which was considered only in [9,21]; 2. Number of tar components-in this work 3 tar representatives were used together while in most cases only 1 or 2 are used [11,15,16,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. Excluding a few works performed on real biomass producer gas [9,14,21] only Kong et al [17], Eliott et al [10], Jamroz et al [12] and Yu et al [35] used at least 3 tar components, but in nitrogen, argon and oxygen as a plasmaforming gas; 3.…”

Section: Non-thermal Plasma Reactor and Processed Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tar Removal by Nanosecond Pulsed Dielectric Barrier Discharge

Dors

Kurzyńska

2020

Applied Sciences

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Featured Application: Biogas and biomass producer gas cleaning.Abstract: Plasma-catalytic reforming of simulated biomass tar composed of naphthalene, toluene, and benzene was carried out in a coaxial plasma reactor supplied with nanosecond high-voltage pulses. The effect of Rh-LaCoO 3 /Al 2 O 3 and Ni/Al 2 O 3 catalysts covering high-voltage electrode on the tar conversion efficiency was evaluated. Compared to the plasma reaction without a catalyst, the combination of plasma with the catalyst significantly enhanced the conversion of all three tar components, achieving complete conversion when an Rh-based catalyst was used. Apart from gaseous and liquid samples, char samples taken at five locations inside the reactor were also analyzed for their chemical composition. Char was not formed when the Rh-based catalyst was used. Different by-products were detected for the plasma reactor without a catalyst, with the Ni-and Rh-based catalysts. A possible reaction pathway in the plasma-catalytic process for naphthalene, as the most complex compound, was proposed through the combined analysis of liquid and solid products. electron density and energy, plasma homogeneity, simple design and operation, capacity to induce reactions at relatively ambient temperature, atmospheric operational pressure, and very low level of coke production [20]. The novelty of this work lies in the combination of four problems that have so far been studied independently or in a smaller combination, i.e.,: Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 991 A typical voltage pulse is presented in Figure 2. It does not depend on the reactor geometry, condition of the dielectric barrier, presence of catalysts, or gas composition. Its half-measured width is 9 ns, which ensures fast energization of electrons and inhibits their thermalization. This way, energy delivered to the discharge is not wasted in gas heating but consumed by electrons and further the production of radicals via electron-induced dissociation of molecules.

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Section: Non-thermal Plasma Reactor and Processed Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tar Removal by Nanosecond Pulsed Dielectric Barrier Discharge

Dors

Kurzyńska

2020

Applied Sciences

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“…They considered that more H 2 O molecules occupied the active sites of the catalysts and prevented the bio‐oil molecules from being absorbed, resulting in the decrease of the hydrogen yield under the condition of a high S/C ratio. Liu et al also reported a similar phenomenon. Maximum toluene conversion occurred when S/C = 2–3, and the highest hydrogen yield was achieved at S/C = 3.…”

Section: Operation Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Production from Catalytic Steam Reforming of Bio‐Oils: A Critical Review

Zhao

Situmorang

et al. 2020

Chem Eng & Technol

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In the future, hydrogen will be an important energy carrier and industrial raw material. Catalytic steam reforming of bio‐oils is a promising and economically viable technology for hydrogen production. However, during the reforming process, the catalysts are rapidly deactivated due to coke formation and sintering. Thus, maintaining the activity and stability of catalysts is the key issue in this process. Optimized operation conditions could extend the catalyst lifetime by affecting the coke morphology or promoting coke gasification. This article summarizes the recent developments in the field of catalytic steam reforming of bio‐oils, focusing on the operation conditions, the properties of the catalysts, and the effects of the catalyst supports. The expected insights into the catalytic steam reforming of bio‐oils will provide further guidance for hydrogen production from bio‐oils.

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“…The formation of tar will cause several problems, such as the loss of chemical energy in syngas, soot formation, and the decrease of overall energy efficiency [24,25]. In addition, tar can condensate and polymerize to form heavier structures, leading to the contamination and plugging of pipe, engines, turbine, filter and heater exchanges, and the poison of catalysts during biomass gasification and biogas utilization [26][27][28]. Therefore, tar content generally should be controlled below 1.0 g/m 3 for the commercial application of fuel gas [29].…”

Section: Tar Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the properties of the complex tar and the challenges of tar for syngas application, the removal of tar has been extensively studied. Generally, tar is removed or destructed after a gasifer, using mechanical separation (cyclone, wet scrubber, filter, and electrostatic precipitator) and thermal-chemical methods (thermal destruction [42,43], catalytic steam reforming [44,45], plasma reforming [24,26,46], partial oxidation [47,48] and miscellaneous reforming [25]). The mechanical method can remove tar from flue gas, however, the secondary pollution and the loss of chemical energy in tar make it unattractive [34].…”

Section: Tar Formation Properties and Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%