Steam reforming of pyrolysis oil aqueous fraction obtained by one-step fractional condensation

A review of catalytic aqueous-phase reforming of oxygenated hydrocarbons derived from biorefinery water fractions

“…The water fraction derived from FT reaction includes components such as alcohols, acids, and hydrocarbons [63]. On the other hand, components such as acetic acid, sugars, hydroxyacetone, methanol, furfural and acetaldehyde can be found in the aqueous fraction of pyrolysis oils [64]. Acetic acid has been occasionally utilized as model compound in APR.…”

Valorization of crude bio-oil to sustainable energy vector for applications in cars powering and on-board reformers via catalytic hydrogenation

“…However, the extensive use of bio-oils produced by pyrolysis of biomass is still hindered by several technological drawbacks [5e9]. Apart from the fact that the composition is strongly influenced by the source of biomass and pyrolysis process conditions, this generally includes a mixture of more than 300 different organic compounds deriving from the thermal decomposition of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin with a water content up to 30 wt% [4,10,11]. As a consequence, crude bio-oils are mostly used as boiler fuels to operate factory processes, while several upgrading strategies are under development in order to obtain value-added liquid fuels and hydrogen sources from lignin polymer [10,11].…”

“…In particular, large amounts of refractory compounds like guaiacyl species and unsaturated hydrocarbons, obtained by the lignin depolymerization processes, can be converted into liquid fuels or hydrogen source for mobile applications [4,5,15] by upgrading processes involving mostly a catalytic hydrogenation at high pressure [16e22]. Then, in presence of a sensible improvement in terms of hydrogen enrichment and oxygen removal, bio-oils may represent a suitable and renewable hydrogen vector [1,4,10], adequate for applications in cars powering or "on board" reformers [1,10,23]. Furthermore, pyrolysis oil could represent a suitable energy vector for the "chemical storage" of the same renewable hydrogen, in reason of its safety and easy handling [1,10].…”

“…Then, in presence of a sensible improvement in terms of hydrogen enrichment and oxygen removal, bio-oils may represent a suitable and renewable hydrogen vector [1,4,10], adequate for applications in cars powering or "on board" reformers [1,10,23]. Furthermore, pyrolysis oil could represent a suitable energy vector for the "chemical storage" of the same renewable hydrogen, in reason of its safety and easy handling [1,10].…”

“…To be employed as hydrogen vector in a reforming process, the quality of crude bio-oil must be sensibly improved in term of hydrogen enrichment and of oxygen removal, avoiding any polymerization phenomena [1,10,23]. Although several model compounds like phenols, esters, ethers and acids have been used to assess the hydrogeoxygenation (HDO) efficiency of bio-oils from wood pyrolysis [ are the most representative since their large concentration in bio-oils, a greater propensity for coking and a lower reactivity toward HDO than other model compounds [18,24].…”