Steam Gasification of Biochar Derived from the Pyrolysis of Chrome‐Tanned Leather Shavings

Ferreira, Suelem Daiane; Junges, Janaína; Scopel, Bianca Santinon; Manera, Christian; Osório, Eduardo; Lazzarotto, Ivan Pedro; Godinho, Marcelo

doi:10.1002/ceat.201800660

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…6 If CLSs are not handled properly, a suitable oxidizing atmosphere will convert the unbound/loosely bound chromium into its hexavalent state which is carcinogenic, contaminate water bodies, and also adversely affect the soil fertility. 22 In the concept of safe disposal and effective utilization of chromium containing leather scraps, techniques like incineration/pyrolysis followed by solidification, 23,24 high temperature carbonization for making supercapacitor materials, 25 steam gasification for syngas production, 26 peroxide treatment for chromium recovery, 27 combination of chemical/enzymatic digestion for the production of fertilizers and adhesives, 28 de-tanning of CLSs for chromium and protein hydrolysate recovery and utilizing protein hydrolysate for the manufacturing of glue and film forming agents, 29 microbial fermentation of CLSs for enzymes production, 30 microbial biodegradation of CLSs for fertilizers and animal feed application, 31 anaerobic digestion of CLSs for biogas production, 32 and reutilization of chromium by bioleaching 33 have been studied extensively and reported. Although several technologies are available for CLS treatment, slow return on capital investment while installation of high cost equipment, labor intensiveness, health risks on handling carcinogenic chromium, and space constraints are the major difficulties from tanner's perception.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melamine-Based Polymeric Crosslinker for Cleaner Leather Production

et al. 2021

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To augment sustainable tanning, less chrome input, high functional quality leather processed via no restricted substance in processing, and ease to treat the inevitable protein waste generated are the key challenge, and currently, they have become the active part of leather research. Our work covers the synthesis of a formaldehyde-free chromium-incorporated polymeric tanning agent (FF-CIPTA) and its application in a reformed leather processing route which ensures near zero discharge of chromium containing solid waste. The preliminary characterization of FF-CIPTA reveals that the developed product is stable up to pH 5.2, and the particle size distribution ranges from 955 to 1450 nm with 12% Cr2O3 content. The present work significantly reduces the tanning agent input without compromising the thermal stability (103 °C) of the leather because of its multicrosslinking nature. Since the product exhibits a polymeric character, it provides tanning-cum-filling action which in turn reduces the retanning agent consumption in subsequent processes. Scanning electron microscopic study, porosity analysis, and hand assessment results clearly indicate the significant improvement in organoleptic properties. In addition, the process also enjoys the benefits of zero chromium containing solid waste generation, 71.4% reduction in chromium input, and high chromium transfer efficiency (92%) than the conventional process (36%), and 74.4% reduction in total dissolved solids generation. Furthermore, the water consumption and chemical input are reduced by 51.6 and 17%, respectively. Reduction in wastewater treatment cost and a high economic value of chromium-free leather scraps leads to a cumulative gain of US$ 39.84 per ton of raw material processing. Overall, a potential and practical applicability for cleaner and sustainable tanning is well established.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melamine-Based Polymeric Crosslinker for Cleaner Leather Production

et al. 2021

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“…The removal and recovery of heavy metals from tannery sludge subjected to a plasma pyro-gasification process was described in [30]. The gasification of biochar derived from tanning shavings resulted in two main products: a hydrogen-rich syngas, which has applications such as electricity generation and chemical production, and a chromium-rich ash, which can potentially be utilized, e.g., in stainless-steel manufacturing processes [31]. Olejnik, in his work [32][33][34], focused on the different aspects of process efficiency and reducing the technology impact on the environment, with reference to economy and pollutant interaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Agglomerates, Composite Materials, and Seed Coatings from Tannery Waste as New Methods for Its Management

Ławińska

2021

Materials

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This paper presents methods for managing waste produced by the leather industry, including tanning shavings derived from chrome tanning technologies and collagen preparations. Shavings were classified according to their shape (in accordance with Zingg’s shape classification). The content of individual elements was determined, together with the content of volatile organic compounds. Two new products were developed as part of the completed works: agglomerates (methods of non-pressure granulation) and composite materials were produced on the basis of tanning shavings and mineral fillers. Young’s modulus values classify these composite materials in the group of polymers and certain materials from the group of elastomers. A method for seed coating (on the example of legumes and rape) was also developed using a disc granulator, including collagen preparations in one of the layers as a solution for preventing the effects of droughts (biostimulant). The analyses of selected properties of the new products confirm the wide possible application of waste shavings and collagen preparations in a circular economy, especially in the construction, packaging, and agricultural sectors.

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“…Generally very aggressive methods are used [1] such as co-digestion [13], pyrolysis [6,14], incineration to inert the chromium [15], steam gasification [16], biogas production [17] or biodiesel [18] chromium acid extraction to formulate fertilizers [19]. Such methods have a major economic impact so that only exceptional proposed strategies can be made operational.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection of Tanned-Leather Waste in Recovering Novel Raw Material for Manufacturing Rubber Artifacts: Towards a Zero-Waste Condition

2020

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Zero-waste is an ambitious goal to encourage sustainable production, consumption optimum recycling and resource recovery. The recycling and resource recovery of chrome-tanned leather waste is a difficult proposition because of the three-dimensional chemical network of collagen, which renders leather waste incompatible to polymer matrices. Many attempts have been undertaken to reuse leather waste, most of them require technological processes and challenging chemical pretreatments, which make the reuse an economically disadvantageous industrial operation. The paper aims to show how a very fine separation of leather solid waste leads to raw materials suitable for mixtures with natural rubber, without any chemical pretreatment. In other words, the paper intends to be a stimulus to manage leather solid waste carefully to start a cleaner and more profitable production. In particular, various industrial compounds containing different concentrations of post-tanning dyeing, or chrome shaving or oil-tanning and natural rubber were vulcanized through a standard preparation. Some compounds were also reinforced with carbon black and the vulcanization kinetics were monitored through rheometer. Experimental results indicate that there exists an optimal concentration of waste such that post-tanning dyeing post-tanning and chrome shaving are suitable for manufacture floor mats, soles and heels while oil-tanning waste can be used for making hose or conveyor belts. The mechanical performances of the articles prepared by direct mixing with leather waste are the same as those of commercially distributed rubber products.

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Steam Gasification of Biochar Derived from the Pyrolysis of Chrome‐Tanned Leather Shavings

Cited by 9 publications

References 39 publications

Melamine-Based Polymeric Crosslinker for Cleaner Leather Production

Melamine-Based Polymeric Crosslinker for Cleaner Leather Production

Production of Agglomerates, Composite Materials, and Seed Coatings from Tannery Waste as New Methods for Its Management

Selection of Tanned-Leather Waste in Recovering Novel Raw Material for Manufacturing Rubber Artifacts: Towards a Zero-Waste Condition

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