Steam catalytic cracking of heavy naphtha (C12) to high octane naphtha over B-MFI zeolite

Muraza, Oki; Shafei, Emad N.; Yokoi, Toshiyuki; Choi, Ki-Hyouk

doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.04.001

Cited by 34 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Incorporation of boron had a considerable effect on the acidity of zeolites: the amount of weak acid sites increases proportionally with the amount of incorporated boron. 115 Borosilicalite-1 zeolites synthesized in the presence of alkali hydroxide were catalytically more active in steam catalytic cracking of dodecane due to the formation of an active trigonal coordination system (boron site). The structure-activity properties of four different zeolites, namely MCM-22, MCM-49, MCM-56 and Ce/MCM-22, before and after water treatment, were investigated in the liquid phase tetrahydropyranylation of n-propanol or tert-butanol with 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran.…”

Section: Upgrading Of Glycerol and Its Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in porous and nanoscale catalysts for viable biomass conversion

et al. 2019

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Section: Upgrading Of Glycerol and Its Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in porous and nanoscale catalysts for viable biomass conversion

et al. 2019

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“…In order to evaluate catalytic activity and establish reaction mechanisms in the cracking of petroleum fractions, model compounds such as C 3 –C 12 paraffins are often tested as feed with ZSM-5, Y and other industrially relevant zeolites [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 33 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 ]. The prevalent model describing alkane cracking over proton zeolites is the Haag-Dessau mechanism which involves the monomolecular protonation of the paraffin on C-H or C-C bonds, by strong Brønsted acid sites, such as those present on ZSM-5 zeolite, forming penta-coordinated carbonium ion intermediates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Steam Deactivation Severity of ZSM-5 Additives on LPG Olefins Production in the FCC Process

et al. 2017

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ZSM-5-containing catalytic additives are widely used in oil refineries to boost light olefin production and improve gasoline octanes in the Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) process. Under the hydrothermal conditions present in the FCC regenerator (typically >700 °C and >8% steam), FCC catalysts and additives are subject to deactivation. Zeolites (e.g., Rare Earth USY in the base catalyst and ZSM-5 in Olefins boosting additives) are prone to dealumination and partial structural collapse, thereby losing activity, micropore surface area, and undergoing changes in selectivity. Fresh catalyst and additives are added at appropriate respective levels to the FCC unit on a daily basis to maintain overall targeted steady-state (equilibrated) activity and selectivity. To mimic this process under accelerated laboratory conditions, a commercial P/ZSM-5 additive was hydrothermally equilibrated via a steaming process at two temperatures: 788 °C and 815 °C to simulate moderate and more severe equilibration industrial conditions, respectively. n-Dodecane was used as probe molecule and feed for micro-activity cracking testing at 560 °C to determine the activity and product selectivity of fresh and equilibrated P-doped ZSM-5 additives. The fresh/calcined P/ZSM-5 additive was very active in C12 cracking while steaming limited its activity, i.e., at catalyst-to-feed (C/F) ratio of 1, about 70% and 30% conversion was obtained with the fresh and steamed additives, respectively. A greater activity drop was observed upon increasing the hydrothermal deactivation severity due to gradual decrease of total acidity and microporosity of the additives. However, this change in severity did not result in any selectivity changes for the LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) olefins as the nature (Brønsted-to-Lewis ratio) of the acid/active sites was not significantly altered upon steaming. Steam deactivation of ZSM-5 had also no significant effect on aromatics formation which was enhanced at higher conversion levels. Coke remained low with both fresh and steam-deactivated P/ZSM-5 additives.

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“…Conventional [B]-ZSM-5 was synthesized hydrothermally for comparison following a procedure reported by Sanhoob et al [38]. A gel mixture with the molar composition of 1 SiO 2 : 0.1 TPAOH: 0.1 NaOH: 0.1 H 3 BO 3 : 35.5 H 2 O was used.…”

Section: Experimental Procedures 21 Zeolite Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

One-step synthesis of hierarchical [B]-ZSM-5 using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as mesoporogen

Yalçin

İpek

2020

Turk J Chem

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One-step facile synthesis of boron containing ZSM-5 microspheres is developed using 1,6-diaminohexane as the structure-directing agent and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as the mesoporogen. High boron incorporation up to Si/B ratio of 38 is achieved and evidenced by the stretching vibrations of B–O–Si at 667 cm -1 and 917 cm -1 using Fourier-transform infrared spectra. The morphology of the crystals resembles berry-like spheres with sizes approximately 15 μm, which is composed of aggregated nanocrystals having sizes around 450 nm, is observed using scanning electron microscopy. The textural properties, i.e. the surface areas and pore volumes are investigated using N 2 adsorption at –196 °C. t-plot micropore volume of 0.11 cm 3 /g and mesopore volume of 0.14 cm 3 /g are obtained applying this synthesis method for mesopores having pore diameters within the range of 2–10 nm.

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Steam catalytic cracking of heavy naphtha (C12) to high octane naphtha over B-MFI zeolite

Cited by 34 publications

References 25 publications

Advances in porous and nanoscale catalysts for viable biomass conversion

Advances in porous and nanoscale catalysts for viable biomass conversion

Effect of Steam Deactivation Severity of ZSM-5 Additives on LPG Olefins Production in the FCC Process

One-step synthesis of hierarchical [B]-ZSM-5 using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as mesoporogen

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