StealthPDF: Data hiding method for PDF file with no visual degradation

Kuribayashi, Minoru; Wong, KokSheik

doi:10.1016/j.jisa.2021.102875

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Finally, the pdf file is regenerated and sent. Kuribayashi et al [18] proposed a data-hiding scheme for PDF files by splitting the space values between characters. Apart from the initial value used for saving the rectified data, the remaining segmented values are encoded as a segment of the password information.…”

Section: Steganography In Pdfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proposed method is compared with the methods proposed in [15] and [18] by hiding data on ten different PDF files to compare the increase in file size. The resulting PDF file size data recorded in Table II shows that for the same file under the same hidden data, the proposed method exhibits a minimal increase in file size as opposed to all other methods.…”

Section: File Size Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DM-QIM [15] (high robustness) DM-QIM [15] (no robustness) StealthPDF [18] (k=4) StealthPDF [18] (k=8) [13] and [15] modify the spaces between characters to embed information, which inevitably brings visual distortion. On the other hand, the method proposed in [18] embeds information by splitting the space characters, hence avoiding any visual distortion. However, the embedding capacity is limited by space characters in the article.…”

Section: Size Of Hidden Message [Bits]mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blockchain-based PDF File Copyright Protection and Tracing

Gao,

Wan,

Guo

et al. 2023

Preprint

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As network technology advances at a rapid pace, an increasing number of individuals are utilizing the Internet to transmit and receive information. However, copying, altering, and other malicious acts constantly threaten the copyright ownership of electronic documents in this open environment of the Internet. Numerous copyright theft, illegal transmission, information forgery, and other problems are emerging. Moreover, because of the absence of copyright protection methods, PDF file owners often need help to secure the subsequent legal use of their PDF files after uploading them to the Internet. Combining blockchain and data hiding of PDF files for the first time, we propose a blockchain-based copyright protection scheme for PDF files to uniformly handle the problems of copyright authentication, authenticity identification, and copyright disputes of PDF files. First, we propose a new information hiding algorithm based on the incremental update characteristics of PDF, which embeds copyright information in PDF files. Second, the scheme enables users to establish their access control policies via smart contracts and delivers on-chain PDF file proofs, which can be employed to validate the ownership rights of PDF files and track the transaction history of PDF files. We have implemented the system on the Ethereum platform and analyzed its security and traceability. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed information hiding algorithm possesses robust security and that the copyright registration method is rapid

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Section: Steganography In Pdfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: File Size Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Size Of Hidden Message [Bits]mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blockchain-based PDF File Copyright Protection and Tracing

Gao,

Wan,

Guo

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…According to the application scope and algorithm characteristics, current PDF watermarking algorithms can be divided into the following categories: PDF digital watermarks for copyright protection and leak tracing, PDF digital watermarks for tamper detection and electronic signatures [5][6][7][8], PDF digital watermarks for secure communication [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17], and multi-functional PDF digital watermarks [18][19][20]. The watermarking schemes belonging to the second category need to detect whether the PDF document has been tampered with.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust PDF Watermarking against Print–Scan Attack

Li,

Zhang,

Meng

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Portable document format (PDF) files are widely used in file transmission, exchange, and circulation because of their platform independence, small size, good browsing quality, and the ability to place hyperlinks. However, their security issues are also more thorny. It is common to distribute printed PDF files to different groups and individuals after printing. However, most PDF watermarking algorithms currently cannot resist print–scan attacks, making it difficult to apply them in leak tracing of both paper and scanned versions of PDF documents. To tackle this issue, we propose an invisible digital watermarking technology based on modifying the edge pixels of text strokes to hide information in PDFs, which achieves high robustness to print–scan attacks. Moreover, it cannot be detected by human perception systems. This method focuses on the representation of text by embedding watermarks by changing the features of the text to ensure that changes in these features can be reflected in the scanned PDF after printing. We first segment each text line into two sub-blocks, then select the row of pixels with the most black pixels, and flip the edge pixels closest to this row. This method requires the participation of original PDF documents in detection. The experimental results show that all peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) values of our proposed method exceed 32 dB, which indicates satisfactory invisibility. Meanwhile, this method can extract the hidden information with 100% accuracy under the JPEG compression attack, and has high robustness against noise attacks and print–scan attacks. In the case of no attacks, the watermark can be recovered without any loss. In terms of practical applications, our method can be applied in the practical leak tracing of official paper documents after distribution.

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