Steady-State Voltammetry of a Microelectrode in a Closed Bipolar Cell

Cox, Jonathan T.; Guerrette, Joshua P.; Zhang, Bo

doi:10.1021/ac302219p

Cited by 78 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…FEEM uses a closed bipolar electrode [35][36][37][38][39] to electrically couple a conventional redox reaction of interest on one pole of the electrode to a fluorogenic reporter reaction on the opposite pole. 40,41 Under conditions where the reporter pole is not limiting, the rate of the conventional redox reaction can be monitored by optically monitoring the rate of the reporter reaction via fluorescence microscopy.…”

Section: Concentration Gradients Influence and Control Many Differentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging Transient Formation of Diffusion Layers with Fluorescence-Enabled Electrochemical Microscopy

Oja

Zhang

2014

Anal. Chem.

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Fluorescence-enabled electrochemical microscopy (FEEM) is demonstrated as a new technique to image transient concentration profiles of redox species generated on ultramicroelectrodes (UMEs). FEEM converts an electrical signal into an optical signal by electrically coupling a conventional redox reaction to a fluorogenic reporter reaction on a closed bipolar electrode. We describe the implementation of FEEM for diffusion layer imaging and use an array of thousands of parallel bipolar electrodes to image the diffusion layers of UMEs in two and three dimensions. This new technique provides a way to image an entire 2-dimensional lateral cross section of a dynamic diffusion layer in a single experiment. By taking several of these lateral cross sections at different axial positions in the diffusion layer, a 3-dimensional image of the diffusion layer can be built. We image the diffusion layer of a 10 μm diameter carbon fiber electrode over the course of a cyclic voltammetry experiment and compare the FEEM-generated images to concentration profiles generated from numerical simulation. We also image the diffusion layer of a two electrode array consisting of two 10 μm diameter carbon fibers over the course of a potential step experiment.

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Section: Concentration Gradients Influence and Control Many Differentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging Transient Formation of Diffusion Layers with Fluorescence-Enabled Electrochemical Microscopy

Oja

Zhang

2014

Anal. Chem.

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“…K3Fe(CN)6 is usually used as an electrochemical probe to detect the voltammetric behavior or the activity of the microelectrode-type systems, 25,26 including carbon fiber electrodes. 22,27 Here, the electrochemical characterization of the G-CFM was tested by using K3Fe(CN)6 in the aqueous solution and compared with that of CFM.…”

Section: Electrochemical Behavior Of K3fe(cn)6 At G-cfmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] Such electrodes offer some unique features such as low iR drop, low double-layer charging effects and high mass transport rate. 4 These make it possible for conducting electrochemistry in highly resistive media, and even steady-state measurements for fast heterogeneous electron-transfer kinetics, which is difficult using electrodes with conventional dimensions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Graphene Coated Carbon Fiber Microelectrode for Highly Sensitive Detection Application

et al. 2014

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Graphene, as a novel carbon nanomaterial, exhibits superior performance in electrochemical sensors. Here, graphene was applied to the microelectrode system by a simple method. A novel graphene coating carbon fiber microelectrode (G-CFM) was fabricated by electrodepositing graphene on the surface of carbon fiber. The fabrication method is fast and simple. Scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy demonstrated that carbon fiber was successfully modified by graphene. The electrochemical behavior of G-CFM was characterized by potassium ferricyanide and dopamine (DA). The electrode exhibited much larger current response and less overpotential response, compared to CFM. The microsensor for DA showed good sensitivity and selectivity, and the electrode had good stability. It is believable that the unique characteristic of graphene holds promise for the advanced microelectrode system for highly sensitive detection of various targets.

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“…Our group has recently proposed that such electrolyte-backfilled CFEs behavior like closed bipolar electrodes. 19,20 Scheme 1 illustrates the electrochemical coupling in an electrolyte-filled CFE. Here the 2-electron 2-proton oxidation of dopamine is electrically coupled to the reduction of soluble oxygen at the interior fiber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The coupling is driven by a small voltage bias, usually around < 1 V, provided by two Ag/AgCl electrodes placed on each side of the fiber. 19 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox‐Filled Carbon‐Fiber Microelectrodes for Single‐Cell Exocytosis

2013

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Carbon-fiber microelectrodes (CFEs) are the primary electroanalytical tool in single-cell exocytosis and in-vivo studies. Here we report a new study on the kinetic properties of electrolyte-filled CFEs in single-cell measurements and demonstrate that the addition of outer sphere redox species, such as Fe(CN)63− and Ru(NH3)63+, in the backfill electrolyte solution can greatly enhance the kinetic response of CFEs. We show that at 750 mV, a voltage normally applied for detection of dopamine, the presence of fast outer sphere redox species in the backfilling solution significantly enhances the kinetic response of CFEs toward fast dopamine detection at single PC12 cells. Moreover, we also demonstrate that the use of Fe(CN)63− in the backfilling solution has enabled direct measurement of dopamine at applied voltages as low as 200 mV. This kinetic enhancement is believed to be due to faster electron-transfer kinetics on the coupling pole as compared to the sluggish reduction of oxygen. We anticipate that such redox-filled CFE ultramicroelectrodes will find many useful applications in single cell exocytosis and in-vivo sensing.

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Steady-State Voltammetry of a Microelectrode in a Closed Bipolar Cell

Cited by 78 publications

References 31 publications

Imaging Transient Formation of Diffusion Layers with Fluorescence-Enabled Electrochemical Microscopy

Imaging Transient Formation of Diffusion Layers with Fluorescence-Enabled Electrochemical Microscopy

Fabrication of Graphene Coated Carbon Fiber Microelectrode for Highly Sensitive Detection Application

Redox‐Filled Carbon‐Fiber Microelectrodes for Single‐Cell Exocytosis

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