Steady-state pharmacokinetics of an extended-regimen oral contraceptive with continuous estrogen

DiLiberti, Charles E.; O'Leary, Christine M.; Hendy, Christopher H.; Waters, Donald H.; Margolis, Marya B

doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2010.06.015

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Data are inconsistent on whether endogenous estradiol and progesterone levels differ systematically across women using different OCs (Elliott-Sale et al, 2013;Mordecai et al, 2008). OCs obviously increase exogenous levels of the hormones they contain (e.g., ethinyl estradiol), but relevant detailed data are limited for contemporary OCs (for an exception, see DiLiberti et al, 2011).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral contraceptives and cognition: A role for ethinyl estradiol

Beltz

Hampson

Berenbaum

2015

Hormones and Behavior

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral contraceptives and cognition: A role for ethinyl estradiol

Beltz

Hampson

Berenbaum

2015

Hormones and Behavior

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“…There was no additional accumulation of ethinylestradiol during days 84-91 after administration of ethinylestradiol 0.03 mg alone [20]. Based on this finding, it is unlikely that accumulation would occur with Seasonique Ò (ethinylestradiol 0.01 mg) during the final 7 days [20].…”

Section: Pharmacokinetic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Following multiple doses of levonorgestrel/ ethinylestradiol, the mean exposure of levonorgestrel or ethinylestradiol on day 84 (end of the extended-cycle regimen) was generally similar to that observed on day 21 (the end of a typical 3-week contraceptive regimen) [9,20]. There was no additional accumulation of ethinylestradiol during days 84-91 after administration of ethinylestradiol 0.03 mg alone [20].…”

Section: Pharmacokinetic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Levonorgestrel and ethinylestradiol are rapidly absorbed reaching maximum plasma concentrations within 2 h of administration of oral levonorgestrel/ethinylestradiol 150/30 lg tablets [20].…”

Section: Pharmacokinetic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data discussed in this section are from a study in which 30 health women were administered oral levonorgestrel/ ethinylestradiol 150/30 lg for 84 days followed by ethinylestradiol 30 lg for 7 days [20]. Additional information was obtained from the EU summary of product characteristics (SPC) [9].…”

Section: Pharmacokinetic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Extended-Cycle Levonorgestrel/Ethinylestradiol and Low-Dose Ethinylestradiol (Seasonique®): A Review of Its Use as an Oral Contraceptive

Burness

2015

Drugs

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A 91-day extended-cycle oral contraceptive (OC) consisting of levonorgestrel/ethinylestradiol 150/30 µg for 84 days and ethinylestradiol 10 µg for 7 days (Seasonique(®)) has recently been approved for the prevention of pregnancy in adult women in the EU. This regimen allows for a reduction in the number of withdrawal bleeding episodes to four per year, compared with 13 episodes per year with conventional 28-day regimens. Seasonique(®) was effective in preventing pregnancy in a large (n = 1006), noncomparative trial of healthy, sexually active women. In this trial, the overall Pearl index (pregnancies per 100 woman-years of use) in women aged 18-35 years (n = 621) was 0.76 and the Pearl index for method-failure (compliant use) was 0.26. Scheduled (withdrawal) bleeding and/or spotting remained fairly constant over time, with a mean of 2 days of bleeding and 1 day of spotting per each 91-day cycle. Unscheduled bleeding and unscheduled spotting was highest during the first few cycles of use and decreased thereafter. Seasonique(®) was generally well tolerated, with a tolerability profile in line with that expected for OCs. Seasonique(®) extends the contraceptive options currently available to women, particularly in those who desire fewer withdrawal bleeding episodes.

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The Effects of Ethinylestradiol and Progestins (“the pill”) on Cognitive Function in Pre-menopausal Women

Gogos

Williams

et al. 2014

Neurochem Res

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Oral contraceptives (OCs), often referred to as "the pill", are the most commonly employed form of reversible contraception. OCs are comprised of combined synthetic estrogen and progestin, which work to suppress ovulation and subsequently protect against pregnancy. To date, almost 200 million women have taken various formulations of OC, making it one of the most widely consumed classes of medication in the world. While a substantial body of literature has been dedicated to understanding the physical effects of OCs, much less is known about the long term consequences of OC use on brain anatomy and the associated cognitive effects. Accumulating evidence suggests that sex hormones may significantly affect human cognition. This phenomenon has been commonly studied in older populations, such as in post-menopausal women, while research in healthy, pre-menopausal women remains limited. The current review focused on the effects of OCs on human cognition, with the majority of studies comparing pre-menopausal OC users to naturally cycling women. Human neuroimaging data and animal studies are also described herein. Taken together, the published findings on OC use and human cognition are varied. Of those that do report positive results, OC users appear to have improved verbal memory, associative learning and spatial attention. We recommend future research to employ blinding procedures and randomised designs. Further, more detailed information pertaining to the specific generation and phasic type of OCs, as well as menstrual cycle phase of the OC non-users should be considered to help unmask the potential impact of OC use on human cognition.

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Steady-state pharmacokinetics of an extended-regimen oral contraceptive with continuous estrogen

Cited by 22 publications

References 22 publications

Oral contraceptives and cognition: A role for ethinyl estradiol

Oral contraceptives and cognition: A role for ethinyl estradiol

Extended-Cycle Levonorgestrel/Ethinylestradiol and Low-Dose Ethinylestradiol (Seasonique®): A Review of Its Use as an Oral Contraceptive

The Effects of Ethinylestradiol and Progestins (“the pill”) on Cognitive Function in Pre-menopausal Women

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