Steady-state creep of the N-1 alloy in the 650?870�K range

Coble, Orowan Strengthening, and Dislocation Climb Mechanisms in a Nb-Modified Zircaloy Cladding

“…The activation energy estimated for regimes II and III is somewhat lesser than the activation energy for lattice self-diffusion for a-Zr determined by radioactive tracer experiments, which is 259 kJ/mol. [32] However, the value is comparable to the lattice diffusion activation energies of 213 kJ/mol and 234 kJ/mol obtained from creep experiments in Zr-1 pctNb alloys by Voeikov et al [3] and Alymov et al [17] , respectively. Further, the creep data are presented as the plot of the steady-state creep rates normalized by the lattice diffusivity…”

Creep behavior of niobium-modified zirconium alloys

“…Alymov et al [26] referred to a work by Voeikov et al [27] where stress exponents of $5 and a creep activation energy of 214 kJ/mol were obtained while investigating steady-state creep of Zr-1Nb tubes in the temperature range of 347-397°C and a stress range of 70-120 MPa (1.4-2.6 · 10 À3 E). Although from the initial study, it may appear Zr-1Nb acts like a Class-M alloy, the stress and temperature ranges investigated were too narrow to reach any definitive conclusion.…”

“…Alymov and coworkers [26,[28][29][30]] generated a vast amount of high temperature deformation data in a wide range of conditions. The work was carried out in the single phase regime of the alloy at a temperature range of 377-597°C and a stress range of 10-150 MPa (2 · 10 À4 -4 · 10 À3 E) [26].…”

“…3. The variation of strain rate as a function stress using proper modulus and diffusivity compensation [26]. a + b !…”

“…The work was carried out in the single phase regime of the alloy at a temperature range of 377-597°C and a stress range of 10-150 MPa (2 · 10 À4 -4 · 10 À3 E) [26]. The initial microstructure of the alloy was completely recrystallized with a grain size of $5 lm.…”