Steady state and start-up performance characteristics of air source heat pump for cabin heating in an electric passenger vehicle

Lee, Hoseong; Lee, Moo‐Yeon

doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2016.06.021

Cited by 45 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In the case of the coolant temperature of 0 • C, when the compressor speed increased from 2000 rpm to 3000 rpm and 3000 rpm to 4000 rpm correspondingly, the chiller heat transfer rate increased by 21.6% and 11.4%, whereas the chiller heat transfer rate decreased by 2.90% and 3.20% with the increase in the compressor speed from 4000 rpm to 5000 rpm and 5000 rpm to 6000 rpm, respectively. The maximum chiller heat transfer rates of 4.91 kW, 4.73 kW, 3.83 kW, 3.84 kW, 3.37 kW and 3.05 kW were experimentally evaluated for the coolant temperatures of −6.7 • C, 10 • C, 20 • C, 30 • C, 40 • C and 50 • C, respectively at the highest compressor speeds of respective ranges, whereas the maximum chiller heat transfer rate of 3.50 W was experimentally evaluated at the middle of compressor speed range for a coolant temperature of 0 • C. 21.6% and 11.4%, whereas the chiller heat transfer rate decreased by 2.90% and 3.20% with the increase in the compressor speed from 4000 rpm to 5000 rpm and 5000 rpm to 6000 rpm, respectively. The maximum chiller heat transfer rates of 4.91 kW, 4.73 kW, 3.83 kW, 3.84 kW, 3.37 kW and 3.05 kW were experimentally evaluated for the coolant temperatures of −6.7 °C, 10 °C, 20 °C, 30 °C, 40 °C and 50 °C, respectively at the highest compressor speeds of respective ranges, whereas the maximum chiller heat transfer rate of 3.50 W was experimentally evaluated at the middle of compressor speed range for a coolant temperature of 0 °C.…”

Section: Chiller Heat Transfer Rate At Various Compressor Speeds and Coolant Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on Performance Characteristics of a Heat Pump System with High-Pressure Side Chiller for Light-Duty Commercial Electric Vehicles

et al. 2020

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One of barriers for the present heat pump system’s application in an electric vehicle was decreased performance under cold ambient conditions due to the lack of evaporating heat source. In order to improve the heat pump’s performance, a high-pressure side chiller was additionally installed, and the tested heat pump system was modified with respect to refrigerant flow direction along with operating modes. In the present work, the performance characteristics of the heat pump system with a high-pressure side chiller for light-duty commercial electric vehicles were studied experimentally under hot and cold ambient conditions, reflecting real road driving. The high-pressure side chiller was located after the electric compressor so that the highest refrigerant temperature transferred the heat to the coolant. The controlled coolant with discharged refrigerant from the electric compressor was used to heat up the cabin, transferring heat to the inlet air like the internal combustion engine vehicle’s heating system, except with unused engine waste heat. In the cooling mode, for the exterior air temperature of 35 °C and interior air temperature of 25 °C, cooling performance along with the compressor speed showed that the system efficiency decreased by 16.4% on average, the cooling capacity increased by 8.0% on average and the compressor work increased by 27% on average. In heating mode, at the exterior and interior air temperature of −6.7 °C, compressor speed and coolant temperature variation with steady conditions were tested with respect to heating performance. In transient mode, to increase coolant temperature with a closed loop from −6.7 °C, tested system characteristics were studied along the compressor speed with respect to heating up the cabin. As the inlet air of the HVAC was maintained at −6.7 °C, even though the heat-up rate of the cabin room was a little slow, the cabin temperature reached 20 °C within 50 min and the temperature difference with the ambient air attained 28.7 °C.

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Section: Chiller Heat Transfer Rate At Various Compressor Speeds and Coolant Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on Performance Characteristics of a Heat Pump System with High-Pressure Side Chiller for Light-Duty Commercial Electric Vehicles

et al. 2020

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“…Bellocchi et al developed a heat pump with a regenerative heat exchanger, which reduces power consumption by 17-52% and reduces the decrease in driving range up to 6% for electric vehicles [28]. Lee et al proposed air source heat pump system with a heating coefficient of 3.26 and a heating capacity of 3.10 kW at an ambient temperature of −10 • C for cabin heating in electric vehicle [29]. Lee et al have experimentally investigated the performance characteristics of heat pump system integrated with a high pressure side chiller under cold and hot weather conditions for light duty commercial electric vehicles [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on Heating Performances of Integrated Battery and HVAC System with Serial and Parallel Circuits for Electric Vehicle

et al. 2021

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The objective of the present study is to conduct experiments for investigating heating performances of integrated system with serial and parallel circuits for battery and heating ventilation and air conditioning system (HVAC) of electric vehicles under various operating conditions. In addition, the artificial neural network (ANN) model is proposed to accurately predict the heating performances of integrated system with serial and parallel circuits for battery and HVAC. A test bench of integrated system with serial and parallel circuits has been developed for establishing the trade-off between battery heating and HVAC heating. The heating performances namely, battery out temperature, battery temperature rise rate, battery heating capacity, HVAC heating capacity and total heating capacity are evaluated experimentally for the integrated system with serial and parallel circuits. The behavior of various heating performances is evaluated under influence of flow rate and heater power. Battery out temperature reaches 40 °C within 10 min with rise rate of 2.17 °C/min for the integrated system with serial circuit and that within 20 min with rise rate of 1.22 °C/min for the integrated system with parallel circuit. Integrated system with serial circuit shows higher HVAC heating capacity than integrated system with parallel circuit which are 5726.33 W and 3869.15 W, respectively. ANN model with back-propagation algorithm, Levenberg-Marquardt training variant, Tan-sigmoidal transfer function and 20 hidden neurons presents the accurate prediction of heating performances of the integrated system with serial and parallel circuits for battery and HVAC.

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“…Moreover, a rising number of numerical and experimental studies have been conducted on Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC), for passenger cars [7,8,9] and to less extend on buses [10,11,12]. Among them, numerical studies have mainly investigated the thermal conditions of the cabin through detailed CFD [8,13] and lumped-parameter models [14,15,16,17], or the performance of HVAC units.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic modelling and performance prediction of a recovery fresh air heat pump for a generic bus

Afrasiabian

Douglas

Best

2020

2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)

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Air circulation inside the buses' cabin seems to negatively affect the spread of contagious diseases, such as the COVID-19 virus and raises valid health concerns over using public transportations. Employing all-fresh air and avoiding to recirculate it could help with lowering the exposure time and the virus density in buses; however, it makes the heating more challenging, especially in Electric buses. Here a Baseline and a proposed Recovery Heat Pump (BHP and RHP, respectively) systems in a generic single decker bus were modeled to investigate their dynamic performance and the cabin's conditions using 100% fresh air. Simulink and Simscape toolbox from MATLAB (R2020a) were used to build up the real-time model by integrating an HP system with a cabin sub-model. The cabin is modeled using a moisture air network and is coupled with the HP to exchange heat with the refrigerant through the condenser. For both cases, 100% fresh air flows through the condenser into the cabin. In BHP the evaporator is exposed to 100% cold fresh air, while in RHP the warm air from the cabin passes through the evaporator before being vented outside. Both cases were studied for different ventilation modes in low and medium occupancy levels. Results indicate that RHP shows superior performance compared with BHP. Under the studied operational conditions, RHP reduced the power requirement, warm-up time, and operation time by 36%-6% (at most-at least), 57%-7%, and 39%-13%, respectively.

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Steady state and start-up performance characteristics of air source heat pump for cabin heating in an electric passenger vehicle

Cited by 45 publications

References 20 publications

A Study on Performance Characteristics of a Heat Pump System with High-Pressure Side Chiller for Light-Duty Commercial Electric Vehicles

A Study on Performance Characteristics of a Heat Pump System with High-Pressure Side Chiller for Light-Duty Commercial Electric Vehicles

Experimental Study on Heating Performances of Integrated Battery and HVAC System with Serial and Parallel Circuits for Electric Vehicle

Dynamic modelling and performance prediction of a recovery fresh air heat pump for a generic bus

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