Steady‐State Analysis and Output Voltage Minimization Based Control Strategy for Electric Springs in the Smart Grid with Multiple Renewable Energy Sources

Zou, Yun; Chen, Michael Z. Q.; Hu, Yinlong

doi:10.1155/2019/5376360

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Global energy demand has increased exponentially in the last decade and a further substantial rise is expected in the next few decades [1][2][3]. The factors behind are the economic and industrial growth and the expected increase in the world population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized Fuzzy Controller Based on Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm for Maximum Power-Point Tracking of Photovoltaic Systems

et al. 2022

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The performance of a photovoltaic (PV) array depends on temperature, radiation, shading and load size. Conventional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods have acceptable efficiencies under uniform conditions (irradiance = 1000 W/m 2 and temprature = 25 °C), but in dynamic weather conditions, load changes, and also in partial shading conditions due to the presence of several local maximum power points (MPP) in the P-V characteristic, the conventional tracking method does not work well in finding the main MPP. To extract maximum power in all conditions, many algorithms have been proposed, all of which have limitations in terms of convergence speed, output power ripple and efficiency. This research proposes an optimized Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) based on the Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm (COA) for MPPT under uniform conditions, dynamic weather conditions, partial shading and under load changes. Finally, the research compared the simulation results with four other popular methods. According to the simulation observations and the result, COA-FLC overcomes the mentioned limitations such as low convergence speed, output power ripple and low tracking efficiency in all conditions. Simulations are performed with MATLAB / Simulink software.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized Fuzzy Controller Based on Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm for Maximum Power-Point Tracking of Photovoltaic Systems

et al. 2022

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“…Due to the access of large-scale distributed power equipment, especially the strong randomness of wind power and solar energy, energy storage capacity is of vital importance in the Smart Grid [1][2][3][4][5]. However, batteries are expensive and easily cause pollution [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint Virtual Energy Storage Modeling with Electric Vehicle Participation in Energy Local Area Smart Grid

et al. 2020

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In this research, the joint virtual energy storage modeling with electric vehicle participation in energy local area Smart Grid is considered. This article first constructs a virtual energy storage model and a joint virtual energy storage model for air conditioning and electric vehicles. Therefore, for the optimization problem of virtual energy storage power, a continuous rolling optimization algorithm to determine the feasible solution of the high-dimensional complex constraint optimization problem is proposed to solve the optimization problem. Finally, the analysis, for example, illustrates the economics of joint virtual energy storage in the Smart Grid. The results prove that air conditioning and electric vehicles have the ability to jointly participate in virtual energy storage, and the comparison proves that joint virtual energy storage can effectively improve the economics of electricity consumption.

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“…For instance, the steady-state analysis performed in [21] shows experimentally the operating conditions of the ES that determine the exchange of active and reactive power with the electrical network. In [22], the operating range of the ES is analyzed according to its parameters, and a control scheme is established to minimize the action of the ES for regulating the voltage in the point of common coupling (PCC). The design of a dynamic controller to regulate the active and reactive power exchange between the ES and the electrical network is proposed in [23]; for the controller design, the authors carried out the steady-state analysis of a simplified electrical network and a single ES.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These models are characterized by providing a detailed representation of the geometric relationships of the electrical variables. Although some works have shown its use in grid-connected µGs by considering only one ES [22,23], the needs of modern power systems require the development of more robust models. In this regard, the proposed work outperforms previous works since it can deal with both grid-connected µGs and standalone µGs by considering single and multiple ESs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Robust Electric Spring Model and Modified Backward Forward Solution Method for Microgrids with Distributed Generation

et al. 2020

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The electric spring (ES) is a contemporary device that has emerged as a viable alternative for solving problems associated with voltage and power stability in distributed generation-based smart grids (SG). In order to study the integration of ESs into the electrical network, the steady-state simulation models have been developed as an essential tool. Typically, these models require an equivalent electrical circuit of the in-test networks, which implies adding restrictions for its implementation in simulation software. These restrictions generate simplified models, limiting their application to specific scenarios, which, in some cases, do not fully apply to the needs of modern power systems. Therefore, a robust steady-state model for the ES is proposed in this work to adequately represent the power exchange of multiples ESs in radial micro-grids (µGs) and renewable energy sources regardless of their physical location and without the need of additional restrictions. For solving and controlling the model simulation, a modified backward–forward sweep method (MBFSM) is implemented. In contrast, the voltage control determines the operating conditions of the ESs from the steady-state solution and the reference voltages established for each ES. The model and algorithms of the solution and the control are validated with dynamic simulations. For the quasi-stationary case with distributed renewable generation, the results show an improvement higher than 95% when the ESs are installed. On the other hand, the MBFSM reduces the number of iterations by 34% on average compared to the BFSM.

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Steady‐State Analysis and Output Voltage Minimization Based Control Strategy for Electric Springs in the Smart Grid with Multiple Renewable Energy Sources

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

Optimized Fuzzy Controller Based on Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm for Maximum Power-Point Tracking of Photovoltaic Systems

Optimized Fuzzy Controller Based on Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm for Maximum Power-Point Tracking of Photovoltaic Systems

Joint Virtual Energy Storage Modeling with Electric Vehicle Participation in Energy Local Area Smart Grid

A Robust Electric Spring Model and Modified Backward Forward Solution Method for Microgrids with Distributed Generation

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