Steady mixed convective flow and heat transfer from tandem square cylinders in a horizontal channel

An LBM-based investigation of thermal buoyancy and arrangement angle on flow characteristics and heat transfer over four heated square cylinders

“…According to the comprehensive literature survey, relatively little experimental and theoretical research has been conducted for the flow-through of four heated square cylinders at higher Reynolds number in the addition of thermal buoyancy, especially for the varying arrangement of the four square cylinders. Hence, to guarantee the reliability and feasibility of the LBM code, a comparison of the steady mixed convective heat transfer around two tandem square cylinders [12,14] is introduced to confirm the applied code. To maintain consistency with the literature, the research in the selected literature has the same boundary conditions imposed and the computational domain is the same size as in the present work.…”

“…Thus a large number of experimental [1][2][3] and numerical investigations mainly concentrated on an isolated single cylinder or two cylinders for pure forced convection and mixed convection. Particularly for the pure forced convection, several adjustable parameters such as the transverse separation ratio, the arrangement of circular or square cylinders, the attack angle, the blockage ratio, the power-law index, the Prandtl number, the Reynolds number and different inlet or wall boundary conditions, are regarded as vital factors to explore the flow and heat transfer mechanisms [4][5][6][7].In addition to the above adjustable parameters, the thermal buoyancy is also a crucial factor since the vortex patterns and the interactions between adjacent cylinders can change dramatically and further affect the flow dynamics and heat transfer efficiency [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. For example, Sanyal and Dhiman [8] investigated the influences of the transverse gap ratio (0.7-10) and the Richardson number (0-1) for a flow through a pair of side-by-side square cylinders, and further gave a detailed explanation of the wake interaction phenomenon within a buoyancy-driven cross flow.…”