Status Report on Phase Identification in Hanford Tank Sludges

Rapko, BM; Lumetta, G.J.

doi:10.2172/771535

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Overview documents were then reviewed to find information on what solid phases were actually present in the tank wastes. These documents included Rapko and Lumetta (2000), the five solids characterization reports from the M12 project (Lumetta et al 2009a, and the 2010 waste mineralogy report (Disselkamp 2010). The M12 project was performed in response to issue M12 (Undemonstrated Leaching Processes) as identified by the EFRT, which conducted an in-depth review of the process flowsheet of the WTP, have been used as a source of new data on sludge particle types.…”

Section: Liquid Rheologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hanford Waste Physical and Rheological Properties: Data and Gaps

Wells¹,

Kurath²,

Mahoney³

et al. 2011

103

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Executive SummaryThe Hanford Site in Washington State manages 177 underground storage tanks containing approximately 250,000 m 3 of waste generated during past defense reprocessing and waste management operations. These tanks contain a mixture of sludge, saltcake and supernatant liquids. The insoluble sludge fraction of the waste consists of metal oxides and hydroxides and contains the bulk of many radionuclides such as the transuranic components and 90 Sr. The saltcake, generated by extensive evaporation of aqueous solutions, consists primarily of dried sodium salts. The supernates consist of concentrated (5-15 M) aqueous solutions of sodium and potassium salts. The 177 storage tanks include 149 single-shell tanks (SSTs) and 28 double-shell tanks (DSTs).Ultimately the wastes need to be retrieved from the tanks for treatment and disposal. The SSTs contain minimal amounts of liquid wastes, and the Tank Operations Contractor is continuing a program of moving solid wastes from SSTs to interim storage in the DSTs. The Hanford DST system provides the staging location for waste feed delivery to the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of River Protection's (ORP) Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP). The WTP is being designed and constructed to pretreat and then vitrify a large portion of the wastes in Hanford's 177 underground waste storage tanks.The retrieval, transport, treatment and disposal operations involve the handling of a wide range of slurries. Solids in the slurry have a wide range of particle size, density and chemical characteristics. Depending on the solids concentration the slurries may exhibit a Newtonian or a non-Newtonian rheology.The extent of knowledge of the physical and rheological properties is a key component to the success of the design and implementation of the waste processing facilities. These properties are used in engineering calculations in facility designs. Knowledge of the waste properties is also necessary for the development and fabrication of simulants that are used in testing at various scales. The expense and hazards associated with obtaining and using actual wastes dictates that simulants be used at many stages in the testing and scale-up of process equipment. The results presented in this report should be useful for estimating process and equipment performance and provide a technical basis for development of simulants for testing.The purpose of this document is to provide an updated summary of the Hanford waste characterization data pertinent to safe storage, retrieval, transport and processing operations for both the tank farms and the WTP and thereby identify gaps in understanding and data. Important waste parameters for these operations are identified by examining examples of relevant mathematical models of selected phenomena including: The data sets in (UDS composition and particle density, UDS primary particle size and shape, UDS particle size distributions [PSDs], and estimated particle size and density distributions [PSDDs]) and Poloski et al. (2007) ...

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Section: Liquid Rheologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The overview documents included Rapko and Lumetta (2000), the five solids characterization reports from the M12 task, and the 2010 waste mineralogy report (Disselkamp 2010). Table 3.6 summarizes the phases that were predicted and those that have been observed.…”

Section: Adjustments To Esp Solidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hanford Waste Physical and Rheological Properties: Data and Gaps

Wells¹,

Kurath²,

Mahoney³

et al. 2011

103

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“…For these reasons, knowledge of the solids in the tank sludge is necessary to estimate the release of contaminants from the residual tank solids. Rapko and Lumetta (2000) summarize the available published results obtained through FY 1999 for the major solid phases identified in Hanford tank sludge. Their summary for both single-shell and double-shell tanks is included in Table 4 along with newer data from Bechtold et al (2003), , and Deutsch et al (2004Deutsch et al ( , 2005.…”

Section: Solid Phasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Geochemical Testing of Key Contaminants in Residual Hanford Tank Waste

Deutsch¹,

Krupka²,

Cantrell³

et al. 2005

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This document was printed on recycled paper.The cover shows a scanning electron microscope image of aluminum (red) and iron (green) in a particle aggregate of residual waste from tank C-106 at the C Tank Farm on the Hanford Site. Cover design by S. B. Neely, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. SummaryThis report describes the advances that have been made over the past two years in testing and characterizing waste material in Hanford tanks. This waste is being studied because it will remain in the tanks after closure and represents a potential source of contamination to the environment. The development of a contaminant release model for the residual waste in a tank requires detailed knowledge of the composition of the waste and the phases (liquid and solids) in the waste that contain the contaminant. The contaminant release models developed for the tanks will be used as a component in the performance assessments for tank closures being conducted by CH2M HILL Hanford Group Inc. for the U.S. Department of Energy.

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“…If present, the concentration of clarkeite would be less than 5-10 wt% of the total mass of the unleached materials. Sodium uranate solids have been identified by others in tank sludge materials from the Hanford Site (Rapko and Lumetta 2000). For example, Temer and Villareal (1995, 1996 used XRD to identify sodium diuranate (Na 2 U 2 O 7 ) in sludge samples from Hanford Tanks BX-103, BX-105, and BX-109.…”

Section: C-203 Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hanford Tanks 241-C-203 and 241-C-204: Residual Waste Contaminant Release Model and Supporting Data

Deutsch¹,

Krupka²,

Lindberg³

et al. 2004

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This report describes the development of release models for key contaminants that are present in residual sludge remaining after closure of Hanford Tanks 241-C-203 (C-203) and 241-C-204 (C-204). The release models were developed from data generated by laboratory characterization and testing of samples from these two tanks. Key results from this work are that future releases from the tanks of the primary contaminants of concern ( 99 Tc and 238 U) can be represented by relatively simple solubility relationships between infiltrating water and solid phases containing the contaminants. In addition, it was found that high percentages of 99 Tc in the sludges (20 wt% in C-203 and 75 wt% in C-204) are not readily water leachable, and, in fact, are very recalcitrant. This is similar to 99 Tc results found in related studies of sludges from Tank AY-102 (Lindberg and Deutsch 2003;Krupka et al. 2004). These release models are being developed to support the tank closure risk assessments performed by CH2M HILL Hanford Group, Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy.The material used for testing consisted of sludge samples collected from the tanks in September 2003. Initial (Tier 1) testing of the sludges consisted of 1) fusion analysis and acid digestion to determine the total composition of the sludges and 2) water leaching to estimate the soluble portion of the solids. Based on the results of these tests, subsequent analyses were conducted (Tier 2). These included X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements to identify crystalline solids and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) analysis to provide a close-up view of the morphologies of the sludge material and identify the major constituents of individual minerals and amorphous solids. Periodic replenishment and selective extraction tests were also conducted during the Tier 2 tests to further evaluate water leachability and identify solid phases limiting the release of contaminants to solution. The test data were used to develop conceptual contaminant release models based on a series of solubility controls.The 99 Tc release model developed from the laboratory testing of C-203 and C-204 sludges is based on the concentrations and solubilities of technetium-bearing solids in contact with pore water migrating through the sludges. There are two stages of technetium release to solution: The 238 U release model for C-203 and C-204 sludges is based on the concentrations and solubilities of uranium-and sodium-bearing minerals in contact with pore water migrating through the sludges. There are three stages of uranium release to solution:1. Initially, soluble čejkaite [Na 4 (UO 2 )(CO 3 ) 3 ] and a sodium nitrate solid are present in the sludges at concentrations of 0.16 g U/g-sludge and 0.22 g NaNO 3 /g-sludge for C-203 and 0.068 g U/g-sludge and 0.04 g NaNO 3 /g-sludge for C-204. The common ion effect due to Na + limits the solubility of čejkaite to 0.19 g U/L until all the NaNO 3 is dissolved. The solubility of NaNO 3 is constant at 629 g/L.2. After all the ...

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Status Report on Phase Identification in Hanford Tank Sludges

Cited by 12 publications

References 4 publications

Hanford Waste Physical and Rheological Properties: Data and Gaps

Hanford Waste Physical and Rheological Properties: Data and Gaps

Advances in Geochemical Testing of Key Contaminants in Residual Hanford Tank Waste

Hanford Tanks 241-C-203 and 241-C-204: Residual Waste Contaminant Release Model and Supporting Data

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