Status of weedy rice (<i>Oryza</i>spp.) infestation and management practices in southern Brazil

Avila, Luis Antônio de; Noldin, José Alberto; Mariot, Carlos Henrique Paim; Massoni, Paulo Fabrício Sachet; Fipke, Marcus Vinícius; Gehrke, Vinicios Rafael; Merotto, Aldo; Tomita, Flavia Miyuki; Matos, André B.; Facioni, Gelson; Vieira, Edinei B.; Rosa, Eugênio Spanó; Santis, Roger P.; Camargo, Edinalvo Rabaioli; Theisen, Giovani; Roma‐Burgos, Nilda

doi:10.1017/wsc.2021.24

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In RS, rice yields had increased rapidly overall after CL rice commercialization (Figure 2). Indeed, by the 2019/20 season, 85% of the RS rice production area (IRGA 2020) and more than 60% of the rice-growing area of SC were planted with CL cultivars (Avila et al 2021). The yield increase promoted by the CL system was due to more effective weed control, especially of weedy rice, and the simplicity with which certain management practices can be implemented, such as sowing at an optimal time, so the flowering and grain-filling period will happen when maximum solar radiation availability occurs, and response to fertilization and other production factors (Merotto et al 2016).…”

Section: Contributions Of the CL System To Rice Production In Brazilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eighteen years of Clearfield™ rice in Brazil: what have we learned?

et al. 2021

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Clearfield™ (CL) rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a weedy rice (Oryza spp.; synonym = red rice) control tool that has been used in Brazil since 2003. This system includes the use of an imidazolinone (IMI)-tolerant cultivar and the application of IMI herbicides. In this review article, Brazilian weed scientists evaluate the challenges and lessons learned over 18 yr of CL use. CL system benefits include selective weedy rice control, better crop establishment during the most advantageous period of the year, and more efficient fertilizer use. In Rio Grande do Sul state, the CL system, in conjunction with other improvements, has contributed to rice grain yield gains from 5,500 kg ha−1 before 2002 to around 8,400 kg ha−1 currently. In contrast, the main problem that has arisen over this period is the rapid evolution of IMI-resistant weedy rice, caused by gene flow from CL rice cultivars. The off-label use (rate and continuous use) of IMI herbicides has contributed to the evolution of resistance in Echinochloa spp. and other weeds. IMI herbicide carryover has also affected susceptible crops grown after CL rice. Crop rotation with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is increasing, ensuring system sustainability. The importance of minimum tillage has also become apparent. Such cultivation includes applying nonselective herbicides before sowing or just before crop emergence (at the spiking stage to eliminate as much weedy rice as possible and other weeds at an early growth stage). It also includes the use of certified seeds free of weedy rice, following label instructions for IMI herbicides, applying the herbicide PRE followed by POST, and complementary weedy rice management practices, such as roguing of surviving weedy rice plants.

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Section: Contributions Of the CL System To Rice Production In Brazilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eighteen years of Clearfield™ rice in Brazil: what have we learned?

et al. 2021

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“…Third, and more important, is the evolution of IMI-resistant weedy rice populations. After 3 years of Clearfield rice cultivation, weedy rice hybrids with several trait modifications appeared in rice fields, in the USA (Louisiana and Arkansas), Brazil [38], Colombia, Costa Rica, Italy ([37]: table 3), and in Malaysia [39][40][41]. In Arkansas for instance, 10-60% of these hybrids were found to be herbicide-resistant [42].…”

Section: Herbicide (Imi)-resistant Rice Varieties: Low Efficiency and Sustainabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand are various constraints related to the management of weeds: rice farmers consider that IWM is too complex, and they prefer "simple" technological solutions. One may also point out that in some countries (e.g., in Brazil; [38]) most rice growers lease the land. This is also a limiting factor to the adoption of IWM because farmers are only focusing on short-term profitability of their activities while IWM requires long-term planning.…”

Section: Economic and Non-economic Reasons Underlying The Low Adoption Of Iwmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainability, Efficiency, and Circularity of Weedy Rice Management Strategies

Svizzero

2021

Circ.Econ.Sust.

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Weeds have always been a serious problem for farmers and especially nowadays given the current challenges related to food security and agriculture sustainability. During the last three decades, the increasing scarcity of labor, energy, and water has led to a switch of the rice establishment method from traditional hand transplanting to direct seeding. While the latter presents some advantages, it also fosters weeds among which weedy rice is considered the worst because it has a strong competitive ability, and as a congeneric of cultivated rice is very difficult to control. There are currently three main weed management strategies in rice: synthetic herbicides, herbicide-resistant rice varieties, and integrated weed management (IWM). However, all these strategies have low effectiveness and sustainability. Even though IWM is strongly recommended, its adoption remains very low owing to its complexity and the additional cost it induces. The use of crop rotation and cover crops is sustainable and consistent with the circularity principles, but this strategy presents the same drawbacks than those associated with IWM. We stress that other strategies used to control or suppress weedy rice are more efficient, sustainable, and consistent with the bioeconomy principles. They encompass the control of the pathways to weediness by ferality as well as the improvement of rice cultivars' fitness based on allelopathic effects. Other non-chemical weed management strategies, such as the use of bioherbicides, are promising given the current transition towards bioeconomy and circular economy.

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“…With a continuous CPS rice cycle that allows these survivors to reproduce, these remaining plants will gradually replace the soil seedbank and form the contemporary HR weedy rice populations (Shivrain et al 2008; Singh et al 2017). The high number of consecutive CPS rice plantings and the inadequate removal of weedy rice survivors from CPS rice fields led to the increasing abundance of resistant weedy rice populations in Malaysia, as has been the story in Italy (Busconi et al 2012), the United States (Burgos et al 2014), Greece (Kaloumenos et al 2013), and Brazil (Avila et al 2021). Of late, several rice fields in Malaysia have been planted with CPS rice for more than eight consecutive seasons; thus, it is expected that IMI-R weedy rice occurs broadly in all the rice granaries in Malaysia.…”

Section: Distribution Of Resistant Weedy Rice In Malaysiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of imidazolinone-resistant weedy rice in Malaysia: the current status

Ruzmi

Ahmad-Hamdani

Abidin³

et al. 2021

Weed Sci

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Weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea or O. sativa complex) has become a severe threat to Malaysian rice (Oryza sativa L.) granaries after the direct-seeding method of rice cultivation was introduced in the late 1980s. Since then, researchers have studied the biology and ecology of weedy rice, and espoused the evolutionary theory of the origin of Malaysian weedy rice. This review paper aimed to synthesize the body of knowledge about weedy rice and the evolution of herbicide-resistant weedy rice in Malaysia. The imidazolinone (IMI) herbicide component of the Clearfield® Production System (CPS) rice package has become among the most effective tools for weedy rice control. However, the sole dependence on this technology and farmers’ ignorance about the appropriate use of IMI herbicides with the CPS rice package have resulted in the evolution of IMI-resistant (IMI-R) weedy rice. This has reduced the efficacy of IMI herbicides on weedy rice, ultimately nullifying the benefit of CPS rice in affected fields. At present, it is assumed that IMI-R weedy rice populations are widely distributed across the rice granaries in Malaysia. Therefore, it is important that integrated management measures be adopted comprehensively by Malaysian rice growers to curb the spread of IMI-R weedy rice problem in Malaysia, especially in the fields planted with CPS rice. This review focuses on the biology of Malaysian weedy rice, history of establishment of weedy rice in Malaysian rice fields, impact of herbicide-resistant rice technology on the evolution of IMI-R weedy rice in Malaysia, the distribution of resistant weedy rice populations across Peninsular Malaysian rice granaries, the weedy rice resistance mechanisms, and weedy rice management. The synthesis of all this information is helpful to researchers, policy makers, the private agricultural industry, advisors to farmers, and proactive farmers themselves with the goal of working toward sustainable rice production.

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Status of weedy rice (Oryzaspp.) infestation and management practices in southern Brazil

Cited by 12 publications

References 42 publications

Eighteen years of Clearfield™ rice in Brazil: what have we learned?

Eighteen years of Clearfield™ rice in Brazil: what have we learned?

Sustainability, Efficiency, and Circularity of Weedy Rice Management Strategies

Evolution of imidazolinone-resistant weedy rice in Malaysia: the current status

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