Abstract:Essential hypertension (EH) is a multifactorial and complex disease with high rate of incidence and associated co-morbidities. Previous studies do not provide unanimous results for the risk of hypertension and association with Fok I genotype frequency and serum vitamin D levels. Hence, this study was undertaken to determine the status of Fok I vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism along with vitamin D levels and blood pressure in patients with EH. Four hundred (200 controls and 200 cases of essential hype… Show more
“…In accordance with the results of previous study, another study was undertaken by Prasad et al [ 13 ] in southeast population of India to determine the status of Fok I VDR gene polymorphism along with vitamin D levels and BP in patients with essential hypertension. A total of 400 subjects were included in the study, with 200 hypertensive subjects (SBP ≥140 mmHg and DBP ≥90 mmHg) and 200 healthy controls ranging in age from 25 to 60 years.…”
Section: Bsm I
Polymorphism and Essential Hypertensionsupporting
confidence: 59%
“…As a result, the expression of specific target genes will be regulated, facilitating the synthesis of vitamin D-regulated proteins (Fig. 1 ) [ 12 , 13 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Vitamin D and Vitamin D Receptormentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The genes that control vitamin D levels are thought to be responsible for 30 to 50% of BP fluctuations [ 13 ]. Identifying the genes that control vitamin D levels in essential hypertension may thus provide a better factor in determining the disease molecular pathogenesis.…”
Section: Mechanistic Links Of Vitamin D Receptor With Hypertensionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The prevalence of hypertension was lower in subjects with ff and Ff genotypes than in those with FF genotype; however, the difference was not statistically significant. The lifespan of the subjects can also be affected by this polymorphism [ 13 ].…”
Section: Bsm I
Polymorphism and Essential Hypertensionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Both of these polymorphisms have been linked to an increased risk of essential hypertension with conflicting results [ 13 , 32 , 68 ]. The Fok I polymorphism affects the length and function of the VDR protein, resulting in truncated protein formation.…”
Section: Bsm I
Polymorphism and Essential Hypertensionmentioning
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene serves as a good candidate gene for susceptibility to essential hypertension. The gene regulates the renin angiotensin system by influencing blood pressure regulation. Around 3% of the human genome is regulated by the vitamin D endocrine system. Several studies have reported mixed results with respect to relationship of VDR gene and hypertension. Observational evidence supports the concept that vitamin D plays a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and arterial hypertension which is further supported by meta-analysis and case control studies reporting how VDR polymorphism leads to the onset and development of hypertension. In this review, we summarize the existing literature on the link between VDR and hypertension, including mechanistic studies, observational data, and clinical trials showing relationship of vitamin D level and hypertension with a focus on recent findings related to genetic studies that showed the relationship of VDR gene polymorphism with vitamin D level in hypertensive and normotensive groups. As a result, determining the association of VDR polymorphisms with essential hypertension is expected to aid in the risk assessment for the condition.
“…In accordance with the results of previous study, another study was undertaken by Prasad et al [ 13 ] in southeast population of India to determine the status of Fok I VDR gene polymorphism along with vitamin D levels and BP in patients with essential hypertension. A total of 400 subjects were included in the study, with 200 hypertensive subjects (SBP ≥140 mmHg and DBP ≥90 mmHg) and 200 healthy controls ranging in age from 25 to 60 years.…”
Section: Bsm I
Polymorphism and Essential Hypertensionsupporting
confidence: 59%
“…As a result, the expression of specific target genes will be regulated, facilitating the synthesis of vitamin D-regulated proteins (Fig. 1 ) [ 12 , 13 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Vitamin D and Vitamin D Receptormentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The genes that control vitamin D levels are thought to be responsible for 30 to 50% of BP fluctuations [ 13 ]. Identifying the genes that control vitamin D levels in essential hypertension may thus provide a better factor in determining the disease molecular pathogenesis.…”
Section: Mechanistic Links Of Vitamin D Receptor With Hypertensionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The prevalence of hypertension was lower in subjects with ff and Ff genotypes than in those with FF genotype; however, the difference was not statistically significant. The lifespan of the subjects can also be affected by this polymorphism [ 13 ].…”
Section: Bsm I
Polymorphism and Essential Hypertensionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Both of these polymorphisms have been linked to an increased risk of essential hypertension with conflicting results [ 13 , 32 , 68 ]. The Fok I polymorphism affects the length and function of the VDR protein, resulting in truncated protein formation.…”
Section: Bsm I
Polymorphism and Essential Hypertensionmentioning
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene serves as a good candidate gene for susceptibility to essential hypertension. The gene regulates the renin angiotensin system by influencing blood pressure regulation. Around 3% of the human genome is regulated by the vitamin D endocrine system. Several studies have reported mixed results with respect to relationship of VDR gene and hypertension. Observational evidence supports the concept that vitamin D plays a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and arterial hypertension which is further supported by meta-analysis and case control studies reporting how VDR polymorphism leads to the onset and development of hypertension. In this review, we summarize the existing literature on the link between VDR and hypertension, including mechanistic studies, observational data, and clinical trials showing relationship of vitamin D level and hypertension with a focus on recent findings related to genetic studies that showed the relationship of VDR gene polymorphism with vitamin D level in hypertensive and normotensive groups. As a result, determining the association of VDR polymorphisms with essential hypertension is expected to aid in the risk assessment for the condition.
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