Status of Steam-Injected Gas Turbines

Abstract

The injection of exhaust-heat-generated steam into gas turbines for power augmentation has been proven to provide exceptional flexibility of operation in cogeneration applications. The chronology of development of this technology is presented, including a list of available turbines. A description is then given of the design process for converting existing gas turbines to steam injection. Finally, the water purification issue, which is perceived by some as a barrier to cost-effective implementation of such installations, is addressed. It is shown that water purification cost is of the order of 5 percent of the fuel cost and is therefore not a decisive factor.

GTA modeling of combined cycle power plant efficiency analysis

“…Turbine erosion is represented by an increased flow capacity plus a reduction in the turbine isentropic efficiency [23]. 4. Flue gases coming out of gas turbine at lower pressure and high temperature are passed through HRSG for waste heat recovery.…”

“…Clarification of raw water and preparation of demineralized (DM) water is accomplished in the DM plant and supplied to the deaerator [4]. 2.…”

“…To assign numerical values to the interdependence of parameters the opinions of experts can be recorded. These qualitative values of the interdependence of enablers are also assigned on a scale (e.g., [1][2][3][4][5], as suggested in Table 2.…”

“…capable of converting chemical energy of fuel into electrical energy at large scale. For natural gas as fuel, CCPP is a promising mode of energy recovery and conservation with economically attractive scheme [1][2][3][4]. Heuristic approach for the research in thermal power plant field has amortized CCPP efficiency up to 60%.…”

Upgrading of a Small Size Gas Turbine to HAT Cycle Operation: Thermodynamic and Economic Analysis

“…Regeneration has a positive effect when heat is transferred to a second fluid, which is introduced before the expansion and mixed in the hot section of the turbine. This is the case of steam injected gas turbines which are used in peak power production or in combined heat and power generation (Brown and Cohn, 1981;Tuzson, 1992;Rice, 1993a-b, Saad andCheng, 1992). The steam injected cycles have then evolved into the humid air turbine (HAT) configuration, which was shown to achieve the highest increase in gas turbine power output and efficiency Joiner, 1990, Stecco, et al 1993a-b Chiesa, et al, 1994, Lindgren, et al, 1992, Rosen, et al, 1994.…”