Status of research on the resource utilization of stainless steel pickling sludge in China: a review

Shi, Chunhong; Zhang, Yuqi; Zhou, Shuo; Jiang, Jiacheng; Huang, Xuyue; Hua, Jing

doi:10.1007/s11356-023-26602-4

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The slag-bath co-processing process proposed and studied in this paper involves two processes: (1) low-temperature pre-reduction of C-SSPS and (2) subsequent hightemperature slag-bath smelting of the briquettes. The selective reduction of SSPS is based on the reaction of metal oxides and sulfates [23][24][25][26][27]. These reactions describe the thermodynamic properties of the carbothermal reduction and mineral phase formation of single species contained in sludge.…”

Section: A Thermodynamic Model Of Pre-reduction and Slag-bath Smeltingmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Line Co-Processing of Stainless Steel Pickling Sludge Using Argon Oxygen Decarburization Slag Bath: Behavior and Mechanism

Zhao,

Zhang,

Yuan

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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Stainless steel pickling sludge (SSPS) is classified as hazardous solid waste, while Argon Oxygen Decarburization (AOD) slag is challenging to utilize due to the leaching toxicity of Cr. This study introduces a novel in-line co-processing technique for AOD slag and SSPS, parallel to the steelmaking process, aimed at metal recovery, sulfur fixation, and slag detoxification: pre-treatment-AOD slag bath approach. The transformations and migrations of sulfur and metal elements, such as Fe and Cr, in the co-processed mixture were analyzed using thermogravimetric–mass spectrometry (TG-MS) and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The results indicated that sulfur in SSPS could be transformed from CaSO4 to CaS under controlled low pre-reduction temperatures (below 800 °C), facilitating its stabilization in the slag and achieving a sulfur fixation rate of over 99%. Metal elements, including iron and chromium, first formed a small portion of spinel (FeCr2O4) during the pre-reduction phase, then Fe-Cr or Fe-Cr-C-based alloy particles were rapidly formed at high temperatures and in the presence of reducers in the slag bath (1550 °C), aggregating and growing spontaneously, ultimately achieving a metal recovery rate of over 95%. Furthermore, a reaction model for SSPS briquettes in the AOD slag bath was established to further reveal the mechanisms of sulfur, iron, and chromium stabilization and migration, thereby providing a basis for the harmless disposal of both materials. The product alloys are expected to be used as additives in stainless steel production, while the harmless slag could be safely utilized in the preparation of cementitious auxiliary materials.

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Section: A Thermodynamic Model Of Pre-reduction and Slag-bath Smeltingmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Line Co-Processing of Stainless Steel Pickling Sludge Using Argon Oxygen Decarburization Slag Bath: Behavior and Mechanism

Zhao,

Zhang,

Yuan

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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“…In Table 6, the overall view is that the contents of CaO, Fe 2 O 3 , and CaF 2 are high, and the metal oxides Fe 2 O 3 , Cr 2 O 3 , and NiO are relatively high, which means that they are rich in recovery value [28][29][30][31][32]. In addition, the chemical composition of SSPS generated by different steel mills and processes varies greatly; for example, some steel mills have a high SiO 2 content in stainless steel pickling sludge, which also results in a high content in the subsequent recycling [33]. It is worth mentioning that SSPS contains a large amount of CaF 2 ; this can be attributed to the use of hydrofluoric acid (HF) in the pickling process.…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of Ssd and Sspsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transformation and Detoxification of Typical Metallurgical Hazardous Waste into a Resource: A Review of the Development of Harmless Treatment and Utilization in China

Wang,

Zhao,

Wang

et al. 2024

Materials

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The production process of the metallurgical industry generates a significant quantity of hazardous waste. At present, the common disposal method for metallurgical hazardous waste is landfilling, which synchronously leads to the leaching of toxic elements and the loss of valuable metals. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the research progress in the harmless treatment and resource utilization of stainless steel dust/sludge (including stainless steel dust and stainless steel pickling sludge) and aluminum ash (including primary aluminum ash and secondary aluminum dross), which serve as representative hazardous wastes in ferrous metallurgy and nonferrous metallurgy, respectively. Additionally, the general steps involved in the comprehensive utilization of metallurgical hazardous waste are summarized. Finally, this paper provides a prospective analysis on the future development and research trends of comprehensive utilization for metallurgical hazardous waste, aiming to offer a basis for the future harmless, high-value, resource-based treatment of metallurgical hazardous waste and the realization of industrial applications in China.

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“…The high sulfur and chromium content in pickling sludge from stainless steel severely limits treatment options. Due to environmental pressures, there are strict regulations on the transportation, storage, and disposal methods of stainless steel pickling sludge (Shi et al 2023). This implies that internal corporate governance is of utmost importance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cr-solidified/stabilized Water-quenched Slag on Strength and Leaching Characteristics of Blast Furnace Slag Cement

Zhao,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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This article presents an original study into the feasibility of using blast furnace slag and stainless steel pickling sludge to produce solidified/stabilized Cr slag micro-powder and its application in slag cement. A process route for utilizing blast furnace slag to dispose of pickling sludge online is proposed. The characteristics of Cr-solidified/stabilized water-quenched slag and composite slag cement are characterized, and the feasibility and economic viability of preparing mineral slag micro-powder are evaluated. The results demonstrate that the addition of sludge increases the grindability of water-quenched slag, with a specific surface area increasing from 971m²/kg to 1125m²/kg, and a glass phase content reaching 99%. Chromium in the mineral slag micro-powder exists either in solid solution within the glass network structure or in the form of spinel phase, significantly reducing its leaching toxicity. The prepared composite slag cement, with BP5 sample as the highest compression strength of 51.4MPa, achieves an activity index of S105. SEM analysis shows that the cement mortar samples cured for 28 days form a dense gel-like structure with good hydration performance. The leaching concentration of Cr in BP5 is the lowest, only 11.6 ug/L. The evaluation of process feasibility and economics shows that the solidified Cr slag powder prepared by large-scale online disposal of sludge is feasible. It can not only bring direct economic benefits, but also eliminate the environmental threats caused by hazardous waste, reduce energy consumption, and indirectly Reduce carbon emissions.

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Status of research on the resource utilization of stainless steel pickling sludge in China: a review

Cited by 10 publications

References 64 publications

In-Line Co-Processing of Stainless Steel Pickling Sludge Using Argon Oxygen Decarburization Slag Bath: Behavior and Mechanism

In-Line Co-Processing of Stainless Steel Pickling Sludge Using Argon Oxygen Decarburization Slag Bath: Behavior and Mechanism

Transformation and Detoxification of Typical Metallurgical Hazardous Waste into a Resource: A Review of the Development of Harmless Treatment and Utilization in China

Effect of Cr-solidified/stabilized Water-quenched Slag on Strength and Leaching Characteristics of Blast Furnace Slag Cement

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