Status of Research and Development of the Lead-Alloy-Cooled Fast Reactor

Dissolved oxygen control and monitoring implementation in the liquid lead–bismuth eutectic loop: HELIOS

“…The lead and lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) alloy are receiving growing attention as heavy liquid metal coolants (HLMC) and/or target material for nuclear waste transmutation systems such as accelerator driven system (ADS) or fast burner reactor to deal with spent nuclear fuels from water reactors [1][2][3]. Those lead or LBE-cooled nuclear systems, however, can have insufficient system life due to significant solubility and hence enhanced corrosion of structural metal constituents in HLMC.…”

“…Typical system lifetime goal for those advanced liquid metal cooled nuclear power systems exceeds 40 years. Therefore, long-term corrosion resistance has been extensively sought worldwide to meet all the materials performance requirements [2].…”

Structural, mechanical and magnetic properties studies on high-energy Kr-ion irradiated Fe 3 O 4 material (main corrosion layer of Fe-based alloys)

“…So the liquid metal blankets design, especially the liquid LiPb metal blanket design, became one of the most promising designs for future fusion power reactors, and all members of ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) pay much attention to the R&D of the liquid LiPb and other heavy liquid metal blankets [6][7][8][9][10]. In addition, because of the same advantages as mention above, heavy liquid metal alloy is also one of the most attractive candidate materials for a coolant and spallation target for future nuclear fission reactor systems, LFRs (Lead alloy-cooled Fast Reactors) and ADS (Accelerator Driven Sub-critical system) [11,12]. The liquid metal as important candidate materials, application prospects are very broad; but many problems need to be researched carefully, such as compatibility of materials in the liquid metal environment, and MHD (magnetohydrodynamics) effect.…”

Corrosion characteristics of materials in Pb–Bi under transient temperature conditions

“…Heavy liquid metal lead alloy is one of the most attractive candidate materials for a coolant and a spallation target for future nuclear reactor systems, Lead alloy-cooled Fast Reactors -LFRs and Accelerator Driven System -ADS, because its favorable in chemical, physical, thermodynamics, and neutron properties [1][2][3]. However, the critical issue of compatibility of materials in the lead alloy environment, especially at high temperature, has to be solved.…”

“…surface-treated steels, high chromium steels, refractory metals and ceramics [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. However, for practical application the materials have to have high corrosion resistance from corrosion attack of lead alloy not only under normal condition but also in the temporary anomalous conditions.…”