Status of Leopard Frogs (Rana pipiens Complex: Ranidae) in Arizona and Southeastern California

Clarkson, Robert W.; Rorabaugh, James C.

doi:10.2307/3671513

Cited by 54 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Decline of northern leopard frogs appears to be continuing since the surveys of Clarkson and Rorabaugh (1989), and AGFD. The "new" population documented by Clarkson and Rorabaugh at Viet Spring is no longer extant, and the isolated population at Horseshoe Bend disappeared in about 2005.…”

Section: Northern Leopard Frog Distribution and Numbersmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Historical locations of northern leopard frogs in the Mogollon highlands area extended from the San Francisco Mountains and tributaries of San Francisco Wash in the Flagstaff area, south and west to the White Mountains, including headwater streams flowing north into the Little Colorado River, as well as a few populations in streams flowing west and south into the Verde / Gila River system. Clarkson and Rorabaugh (1989) surveyed a sample of 14 historical sites for northern leopard frogs in the central highlands area, but failed to find frogs at any of those sites. They did, however, find a previously unreported site with northern leopard frogs at Viet Spring (called also "Veit Spring") on the south side of the San Francisco Mountains.…”

Section: Populations-distribution Numbers and Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the last 40 years, however, northern leopard frogs and their relatives have experienced marked declines throughout the Southwest (Corn and Fogleman, 1984;Clarkson and Rorabaugh, 1989;Sredl, 1998). Northern leopard frogs are currently listed as a species of conservation concern by State and Federal agencies, including the Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD; "Species of Special Concern"), the State of Colorado ("Special Concern Species"), the U.S. Forest Service ("Sensitive," Regions 2 and 3 [Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona]), and the Navajo Nation ("Threatened").…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Northern leopard frogs occur (or previously occurred) in four general areas in Arizona: (1) the Arizona Strip area north of the Colorado River, including Kanab Creek and other large tributary drainages (based on recent historical records); (2) drainages on the south side of the Colorado River in northwestern Arizona (Truxton Wash drainage; Wallace, 1995); (3) the Little Colorado River basin and other streams flowing into Lake Powell and the San Juan River in northeastern Arizona, primarily on Navajo Nation lands (Drost, 2005; surveys by Navajo Fish and Wildlife biologists); and (4) lakes and ponds of the Mogollon Rim highlands in east-central Arizona (Clarkson and Rorabaugh, 1989). There are likely to be multiple levels of genetic differentiation and isolation among populations within these different areas, which will be important in assessing conservation and management needs of the species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Population status and population genetics of northern leopard frogs in Arizona

Theimer¹,

Drost²,

O’Donnell³

et al. 2011

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Section: Northern Leopard Frog Distribution and Numbersmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Populations-distribution Numbers and Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Population status and population genetics of northern leopard frogs in Arizona

Theimer¹,

Drost²,

O’Donnell³

et al. 2011

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“…The leopard frog or Rana pipiens (=Lithobates pipiens) complex is genetically diverse and taxonomically complicated [35], and may represent more species than currently recognized [36]. Leopard frogs were considered historically abundant throughout many parts of their range [37], but declines have been reported from each of the widespread species, including the southern leopard frog (R. sphenocephala) [38] and plains leopard frog (R. blarii) [39]. However, the species that has arguably suffered the greatest impacts is nominate species itself, the northern leopard frog (R. pipiens), which has declined or disappeared entirely from many regions [40].…”

Section: Northern Leopard Frogmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat protection for sensitive species: Balancing species requirements and human constraints using bioindicators as examples

Burger¹,

Gochfeld²,

Powers³

et al. 2013

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Vertebrates have particular habitat needs as a function of life cycle and reproductive stage. This paper uses four species as examples to illustrate a paradigm of environmental assessment that includes physical, biological, toxicological and human dimensions. Species used include Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens), northern pine snake (Pituophis m. melanoleucus), and red knot (Calidris canutus rufa, a sandpiper). The life cycles of these species include reliance on habitats that are aquatic, terrestrial, aerial, or combinations of these. Two species (frog, snake) are sedentary and two (salmon, sandpiper) are long-distance migrants. While some measurement endpoints are similar for all species (reproductive success, longevity, contaminant loads), others vary depending upon life cycle and habitat. Salmon have a restricted breeding habitat requiring coarse sand, moderate current, and high oxygen levels for adequate egg incubation. Leopard frogs require still water of appropriate temperature for development of eggs. Pine snakes require sand compaction sufficient to sustain a nest burrow without collapsing, and full sun penetration to the sand to allow their eggs in underground nests to incubate and hatch. Red knots migrate to high Arctic tundra, but incubate their own eggs, so temperature is less of a constraint, but feedinging habitat is. These habitat differences suggest the measurement endpoints that are essential to assess habitat suitability and to manage habitats to achieve stable and sustainable populations. Habitat use and population stability have implications for human activities for some, but not all species. Salmon are important economically, recreationally, and as part of Native American culture and diet. Red knots are of interest to people mainly because of their long, intercontinental migrations and declining populations. Other measurement endpoints for these four species illustrate the differences and similarities in metrics necessary to assess habitat needs. The implications of these differences are discussed.

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