Coastal ecosystems provide products and valuable services which yield both direct and indirect benefits to residents in coastal areas, and impact their well-being. The clear link between ecosystem status and human wellbeing is well established. Degradation of coastal ecosystems causes profound economic and social costs, along with loss of livelihoods. Humanity depends on biodiversity for health, well-being, and a stable environment. Conservation and protection of the marine and coastal biodiversity mainly depends on the knowledge of the taxonomy of the flora and fauna constituting the biodiversity and the species interaction in the ecosystem. The coastal marine biodiversity faces several threats such as indiscriminate fishing, habitat degradation, pollution, social conflicts, the introduction of highly sophisticated fishing gadgets, and needs management measures and conservation to maintain sustainable use. Anthropogenic activities are the major causes for the loss of biodiversity and degradation of marine and coastal habitats, which needs immediate attention and comprehensive action plan to conserve the biodiversity for living harmoniously with nature. Measures such as implementation of reference points and notification of marine reserves for protection and conservation of marine and coastal biodiversity are necessary. The ocean should be healthy to support the coastal marine biodiversity for the human health and wellbeing. The aim of this review was to update recent information from the available literature relating with coastal marine biodiversity with respect to human health and well-being, types, goods & services, threats/ major risks, root causes, and recommendations for protection.