Status of banana bacterial wilt in Uganda

Tushemereiwe, W K; Okaasai, O O; Kubiriba, Jerome; Nankinga, C.; Muhangi, J; Odoi, N; Opio, F.

doi:10.4314/acsj.v14i2.27913

Cited by 34 publications

(63 citation statements)

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“…XW, first reported in Ethiopia in 1968 (Yirgou & Bradbury, , ), is currently present in Uganda (Tushemereirwe et al ., ), the Democratic Republic of Congo (Ndungo et al ., ), Rwanda (Reeder et al ., ), Tanzania (Carter et al ., ), Kenya (Mbaka et al ., ; Carter et al ., ) and Burundi (Carter et al ., ). The disease causes up to 100% yield loss once established and is thus a serious threat to food and income security of banana farmers (Kagezi et al ., ; Tushemereirwe et al ., ). There are no known resistant Musa cultivars (Ssekiwoko et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemicity of Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum and time to disease expression after inflorescence infection in East African highland and Pisang Awak bananas in Uganda

Ocimati¹,

Ssekiwoko

Karamura³

et al. 2012

Plant Pathology

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Banana xanthomonas wilt (XW) caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum (Xcm) attacks all banana cultivars. Xcm in inflorescence-infected Pisang Awak plants with wilting male bud bracts is restricted to the upper parts of the true stem; therefore, cutting these plants at the pseudostem base has been recommended to prevent further Xcm spread. In order to fine-tune existing control strategies, this study examined the movement of Xcm into plants and mats, in relation to disease incubation period. Mature Pisang Awak and East African highland (AAA-EA) plants were inoculated with Xcm through abscission wounds of female bracts, male bud bracts, male flowers, a combination of male bud bracts and flowers, and by cutting male buds with a contaminated machete. Thirty plants per genotype and treatment were monitored for 24 months for disease symptoms. An additional 68 AAA-EA and 33 Pisang Awak plants were sampled weekly to assess the rate of Xcm spread within the plants. All floral entry points resulted in disease, with the highest incidence in combined male bract and male flower abscission wound inoculations. The study confirmed the systemicity of Xcm, with the pathogen able to live within the mat for long periods (5-16 months) without causing disease. Reliance on disease symptom expression to manage XW is therefore not sufficient. The long incubation period in lateral shoots may explain the current resurgence of the disease in locations where the disease was thought to have been successfully eradicated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemicity of Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum and time to disease expression after inflorescence infection in East African highland and Pisang Awak bananas in Uganda

Ocimati¹,

Ssekiwoko

Karamura³

et al. 2012

Plant Pathology

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“…Although, the same cultural package was promoted to control BXW in Uganda using a mix of traditional, community and FFS approaches, mixed levels of success in controlling BXW have been reported in various parts of the country (Tushemereirwe et al, 2006). Partial success in BXW control was attributed to varying levels of mobilization of stakeholder partnerships through different community mobilezation approaches.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sources of information may not explain any differences in the control of BXW in communities mobilized using different approaches. The BXW control programme in Uganda expected this and used this approach for its strength in swiftly raising awareness of stakeholders about the disease across the whole country but was aware that it was ineffective in triggering actions to control the disease (Tushemereirwe et al, 2006).…”

Section: Access To Agricultural Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BXW can clear the entire crop holdings, where highly susceptible genotypes dominate the farming systems. In East and Central Africa, the disease caused 80 to 100% crop loss in especially ABB beer bananas (Ndungo et al, 2005;Tushemereirwe et al, 2006;Mbaka et al, 2008). Over the last 6 years, a lot of efforts have been devoted to controlling BXW in Uganda.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Community mobilization: A key to effective control of banana xanthomonas wilt

Kubiriba¹

2012

J. Dev. Agric. Econ.

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Banana xanthomonas wilt (BXW) remains a major threat to banana, an important food and income crop for 12 million poor small-holder farmers in Uganda. Although, BXW has been controlled to some extent in parts of South-western Uganda, it is still a big problem in banana growing areas of Central and Eastern Uganda. We hypothesized that differential success in BXW control is mainly due to approaches used in the BXW control. This paper therefore, evaluates stakeholder mobilization approaches used in promoting technologies for BXW control in Uganda between 2006 and 2009. Results showed that farmer field schools host communities had more farmers (33%) that had low or no BXW infection (<10 infected plants) as compared to smaller proportions (23.5%) of farmers from communities that were using community action or that were mobilised using the traditional approach (22.9%) to control BXW. There was higher BXW prevalence in communities that were using community action (68.8%) or were mobilised traditionally (66.3%) than in those that hosted farmer field schools (43.4%). Consequently, there was higher (53%) banana production recovery on farms that hosted farmer field schools than those that used other institutional approaches (22%). BXW was better controlled by farmers mobilised using farmers field schools than those mobilized through community or traditional approaches.

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“…Farmers" knowledge on BXW management and awareness creation needs to be improved. The mechanisms of spread of BXW are mainly by insects such as bees, working tools, water runoff, grazing livestock and through planting effected planting materials (Karamura et al, 2005;Tushemereirwe et al, 2006). Therefore, based on the nature of the spread of the disease, community or participatory approaches should be emphasised in creating awareness of the disease and its management.…”

Section: Bxw Spread and Banana Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse impact of Banana Xanthomonas Wilt on farmers livelihoods in Eastern and Central Africa

Nkuba¹,

Tinzaara²,

Night³

et al. 2015

Afr. J. Plant Sci.

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Banana is a key crop in the livelihoods of many people in the Great Lakes region of East and CentralAfrica. For more than a decade now, the crop has been threatened by Banana Xanthomonas Wilt (BXW) which has spread throughout the region but at different rates. The disease attacks all banana cultivars and can cause up to 100% yield losses at farm level if effective control measures are not put in place. However, limited information on impact of BXW at regional level is available to guide interventions. Thus, this study assessed the impact of BXW on farmers' livelihoods in Kagera basin of Tanzania, Burundi and Rwanda. A total of 436 households (Tanzania 120, Burundi 208 and Rwanda 108) mostly from major banana-producing and BXW-affected districts were sampled and interviewed in a household survey. Thirty-three to seventy-five of the total banana mats per farm in the three countries were infected with BXW. Banana production losses caused by BXW were valued at US$ 10.2 million and US$ 2.95 million in Tanzania and Rwanda, respectively, banana sales by farmers dropped by 35% while bunch prices unpredictably doubled. Since banana is a key component of these farming communities, the banana production losses resulted in significant reduction in household food security and incomes. To cope with these challenges, most households are diversifying into other food crops such as maize, cassava and sweet potatoes. This poses a number of socio-economic and biological implications that require further investigation.

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Status of banana bacterial wilt in Uganda

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Systemicity of Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum and time to disease expression after inflorescence infection in East African highland and Pisang Awak bananas in Uganda

Systemicity of Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum and time to disease expression after inflorescence infection in East African highland and Pisang Awak bananas in Uganda

Community mobilization: A key to effective control of banana xanthomonas wilt

Adverse impact of Banana Xanthomonas Wilt on farmers livelihoods in Eastern and Central Africa

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