Status of Available Phosphorus and Forms of Phosphorus in Soil under Major Cropping Systems of Y.S.R. Kadapa District, A.P.

Abstract

An investigation was carried out to study different forms of phosphorus under major cropping systems in Y.S.R. Kadapa district of Southern Zone of Andhra Pradesh. Five soil samples from each cropping system at 0-15 cm depth collected from each cropping system to study their physicochemical properties, status of available P2O5 and different forms of P. Majority of the soils were moderately alkaline in reaction, non-saline, free lime content indicating that these soils are moderately calcareous, medium to high in available P2O5. Highest mean values for available P2O5 (182.41 kg ha-1), Al-P (80.82 mg kg-1), Ca-P (118.55 mg kg-1) and total-P (434.35 mg kg-1) were recorded in groundnut monocropping system whereas for saloid P (23.01 mg kg-1), Fe-P (69.82 mg kg-1) and other forms of P (228.35 mg kg-1) highest mean values were recorded under sunflower-sesame, groundnut-groundnut and fallow-bengal gram cropping systems, respectively.

Increased Blood Concentrations of Malondialdehyde in Plasmodium Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…It is generated by free radicals that cause membrane lipid peroxidation and has been shown to deplete antioxidant levels, increase proinflammatory cytokines, and increase oxidative stress [56]. The present study confirmed previous reports of increased MDA levels in participants with malaria compared with uninfected controls [7,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][47][48][49][50][53][54][55]. It is possible that lipid peroxidation on erythrocyte membranes-which are vulnerable to oxidative damage-is the cause of the elevated MDA levels found in malaria patients.…”

“…This disparity may be attributed to the more severe nature of P. falciparum infection, which induces greater oxidative stress in the host cells. However, another study found lower MDA concentrations in P. falciparum malaria than in P. vivax malaria [41]. This discrepancy may be explained by the increased susceptibility of patients with P. vivax malaria to oxidative stress, potentially due to lower levels of ascorbic acid [53].…”

“…After removing 283 duplicate articles, the remaining 558 were reviewed, and a further 486 irrelevant articles were removed. The remaining 72 full-text articles were examined against the eligibility criteria, and those that failed to meet them were excluded with a clear explanation, leaving 19 articles [7,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51] for inclusion in our review. Additionally, four articles [52][53][54][55] were identified from Google Scholar that also met the inclusion criteria.…”

“…In two studies [37,50], a qualitative synthesis showed increased MDA concentrations in P. falciparum malaria compared with P. vivax malaria. Lower MDA concentrations in P. falciparum malaria compared with P. vivax malaria have been reported [41]. Differences in MDA concentrations between patients with P. falciparum and P. vivax malaria using the meta-analysis approach could not be determined due to the insufficient number of studies.…”

“…A qualitative synthesis showed increased MDA concentrations in participants with malaria compared with uninfected controls in 19 studies [7,34,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][47][48][49][50][53][54][55]. Two studies [35,46] showed no difference in MDA concentrations between malaria patients and uninfected controls.…”