Status, Challenges and Future Directions of Blockchain Technology in Power System: A State of Art Review

Malla, Tanus Bikram; Bhattarai, Abhinav; Parajuli, Amrit; Shrestha, Ashish; Chhetri, Bhupendra Bimal; Chapagain, Kamal

doi:10.3390/en15228571

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Li et al [20] provided a quantitative and qualitative review of blockchain research from 2015 to 2021, identifying six research hotspots and five research frontiers to offer a comprehensive view of recent trends in the field. Malla et al [21] conducted a state-of-theart review on the status, challenges, and future directions of blockchain technology in power systems, discussing interfaces and possibilities that can ensure trust, security, and transparency, facilitating a decentralized power system and power market. The Hyperledger Fabric, a modular and extensible open-source blockchain system, is a promising solution for supply chain management, allowing customization for specific use cases and trust models without relying on a native cryptocurrency [22].…”

Section: Literature Review a Blockchain In Smart Grid And District En...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A User Based HVAC System Management Through Blockchain Technology and Model Predictive Control

Olivieri,

Volpe,

Mangini

et al. 2024

IEEE Trans. Automat. Sci. Eng.

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This paper introduces an innovative approach to designing a user-based Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) system management connected with the District Energy Management System. By classifying the users into dynamic energy consumption classes to reward energy efficiency and penalize excessive use, users can modify their behavior to pass to a less expensive and more virtuous consumption class. To this aim, a blockchain platform determines the rewards and penalties and, by a K-means clustering algorithm, categorizes users into respective groups. Then, a Class Follower Problem is formulated and solved by a Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy integrated with a Long Short-Term Memory network as a predictive model. If the users follow the suggestions proposed by the controller, i.e., the thermostat set-points and the time intervals in which the HVAC system must be switched off or on, the users can be located in a more virtuous consumption class. A case study conducted within an energy district in Bari (Italy) shows how the proposed architectural framework tuned thermal regulation in intelligent buildings while concurrently achieving energy optimization.Note to Practitioners-This paper addresses the challenge of efficiently managing HVAC systems in smart districts through a novel blockchain-based framework and an optimization strategy solved by an MPC approach. The objective is to incentivize users to optimize their energy consumption by introducing dynamic Consumption Classes that reward energy efficiency and penalize inefficient utilization. For practitioners, this strategy translates to a granular level of energy management that not only adapts to individual behaviors but also aligns with broader sustainability goals. Integrating the blockchain platform ensures a transparent and secure method for managing and recording energy usage. At the same time, adopting MPC with Long Short-Term Memory Networks offers accurate forecasts and adjustments to enhance system responsiveness. Although the study focuses on HVAC systems, the principles may be extended to other energy-intensive applications, providing a comprehensive tool for energy management and user engagement in smart cities. Future research could integrate renewable energy sources and explore the implications of user-driven adjustments on the overall energy distribution and efficiency.

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Section: Literature Review a Blockchain In Smart Grid And District En...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A User Based HVAC System Management Through Blockchain Technology and Model Predictive Control

Olivieri,

Volpe,

Mangini

et al. 2024

IEEE Trans. Automat. Sci. Eng.

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“…Khan et al [17] Malla et al [18] Miglani et al [19] Musleh et al [20] Nour et al [21] O'Donovan et al [22] 20…”

Section: Junaidi Et Al [16] 11mentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain-Based Applications for Smart Grids: An Umbrella Review

Zhao,

Qi,

Zhou

et al. 2023

Energies

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This article presents an umbrella review of blockchain-based smart grid applications. By umbrella review, we mean that our review is based on systematic reviews of this topic. We aim to synthesize the findings from these systematic reviews and gain deeper insights into this discipline. After studying the systematic reviews, we find it imperative to provide a concise and authoritative description of blockchain technology because many technical inaccuracies permeate many of these papers. This umbrella review is guided by five research questions. The first research question concerns the types of blockchain-based smart grid applications. Existing systematic reviews rarely used a systematic method to classify these applications. To address this issue, we propose a taxonomy of these applications, first by differentiating them based on whether the application is focusing on functional or non-functional aspects of smart grid operations, and then by the specific functions or perspectives that the application aims to implement or enhance. The second research question concerns the roles that blockchain technology plays in smart grid applications. We synthesize the findings by identifying the most prominent benefits that blockchain technology could bring to these applications. We also take the opportunity to point out several common technical mistakes that pervade the blockchain literature, such as equating all forms of blockchains to data immutability. The third research question concerns the guidelines for deciding whether a blockchain-based solution would be useful to address the needs of smart grids. We synthesize the findings by proposing benefit-based guidelines. The fourth research question concerns the maturity levels of blockchain-based smart grid applications. We differentiate between academic-led and industry-led projects. We propose a five-level scale to evaluate the maturity levels. The ranking of the industry-led projects is performed through our own investigation. Our investigation shows that more than half of the industry-led projects mentioned in the systematic reviews are no longer active. Furthermore, although there are numerous news reports and a large number of academic papers published on blockchain-based smart grid applications, very few have been successfully embraced by the industry. The fifth research question concerns the open research issues in the development of blockchain-based smart grid applications. We synthesize the findings and provide our own analysis.

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“…A forthcoming concept of power grids that includes a large-scale integration of distributed energy resources, ensuring autonomy and controllability in the production and consumption stages, is analyzed in [5]. The importance of blockchains, machine learning, and deep learning technologies for future power grids is presented in [6][7][8], demonstrating the importance of subjects such as security, cyber-physical attacks, and defense approaches. These concerns are interconnected with power grid management, and from a certain point of view, should be considered a priority since radical changes concerning the large-scale incorporation of technologies in power grids are sought (concerning, e.g., electric mobility, renewables, controllable electronic loads, and storage systems) [9].…”

Section: Electrical Power Gridsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Future of Electrical Power Grids: A Direction Rooted in Power Electronics

Monteiro

Afonso

2023

Energies

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Electrical power grids are changing with a focus on ensuring energy sustainability and enhanced power quality for all sectors. Over the last few decades, there has been a change from a centralized to a decentralized paradigm, which is the consequence of a large-scale incorporation of new electrical technologies and resultant equipment. Considering the foreseeable continuation of changes in electrical power grids, a direction rooted in power electronics with a focus on hybrid AC/DC grids, including the support of solid-state transformers and unified systems, is presented in this paper. Converging on hybrid AC/DC grids, DC grids (structured as unipolar and bipolar) and coupled and decoupled AC configurations are analyzed. On the other hand, in the context of solid-state transformers, feasible structures are analyzed, including the establishment of hybrid AC/DC grids, and the assessment of gains for boosting power quality is presented. Unified power electronics systems are also of fundamental importance when contextualized within the framework of future power grids, presenting higher efficiency, lower power stages, and the possibility of multiple operations to support the main AC grid. In this paper, such subjects are discussed and contextualized within the framework of future power grids, encompassing highly important and modern structures and their associated challenges. Various situations are characterized, revealing a gradual integration of the cited technologies for future power grids, which are also known as smart grids.

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Status, Challenges and Future Directions of Blockchain Technology in Power System: A State of Art Review

Cited by 11 publications

References 104 publications

A User Based HVAC System Management Through Blockchain Technology and Model Predictive Control

A User Based HVAC System Management Through Blockchain Technology and Model Predictive Control

Blockchain-Based Applications for Smart Grids: An Umbrella Review

The Future of Electrical Power Grids: A Direction Rooted in Power Electronics

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