Status and perspectives of key materials for PEM electrolyzer

Zhang, Kexin; Liang, Xiao; Wang, Lina; Sun, Ke; Wang, Yuannan; Xie, Zhoubing; Wu, Qiannan; Bai, Xinyu; Hamdy, Mohamed S.; Chen, Hui; Zou, Xiaoxin

doi:10.26599/nre.2022.9120032

Cited by 238 publications

(172 citation statements)

References 189 publications

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“…The growing global energy crisis and environmental problems caused by the massive consumption of traditional non-renewable resources drive humans to explore eco-friendly and renewable energy, and hydrogen (H 2 ) is a desirable alternative to fossil fuels on account of its high calorific value and pollution-free features [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Water electrolysis technology provides a facile and sustainable route for the massive generation of high-purity H 2 [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amorphous Co-Mo-B Film: A High-Active Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Generation in Alkaline Seawater

et al. 2022

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The development of efficient electrochemical seawater splitting catalysts for large-scale hydrogen production is of great importance. In this work, we report an amorphous Co-Mo-B film on Ni foam (Co-Mo-B/NF) via a facile one-step electrodeposition process. Such amorphous Co-Mo-B/NF possesses superior activity with a small overpotential of 199 mV at 100 mA cm−2 for a hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline seawater. Notably, Co-Mo-B/NF also maintains excellent stability for at least 24 h under alkaline seawater electrolysis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amorphous Co-Mo-B Film: A High-Active Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Generation in Alkaline Seawater

et al. 2022

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“…The gap between three‐electrode system and PEM electrolyzer system, and the availability of catalysts confined in PEM electrolyzer components, remain challenges for the practical application of the well‐designed catalysts. [ 39 ] First, the existence of PEM, which contains sulfonic acid groups, poses a great risk to the intrinsic stability of the catalyst for its local pH effect. As was demonstrated by Cherevko and coworkers, catalyst dissolution exhibited a dependence on the electrolyte pH, where a stronger acidic condition would lead to a much more severe dissolution, and hence the pure water‐fed PEM electrolyzer could remarkably outperform the acid‐fed one on durability.…”

Section: Stability Analysis For Acidic Oermentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts for the Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer: Challenges on Stability

Lin

Lou

Ding³

et al. 2022

Small Methods

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Hydrogen generated by proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer holds a promising potential to complement the traditional energy structure and achieve the global target of carbon neutrality for its efficient, clean, and sustainable nature. The acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), owing to its sluggish kinetic process, remains a bottleneck that dominates the efficiency of overall water splitting. Over the past few decades, tremendous efforts have been devoted to exploring OER activity, whereas most show unsatisfying stability to meet the demand for industrial application of PEM electrolyzer. In this review, systematic considerations of the origin and strategies based on OER stability challenges are focused on. Intrinsic deactivation of the material and the extrinsic balance of plant‐induced destabilization are summarized. Accordingly, rational strategies for catalyst design including doping and leaching, support effect, coordination effect, strain engineering, phase and facet engineering are discussed for their contribution to the promoted OER stability. Moreover, advanced in situ/operando characterization techniques are put forward to shed light on the OER pathways as well as the structural evolution of the OER catalyst, giving insight into the deactivation mechanisms. Finally, outlooks toward future efforts on the development of long‐term and practical electrocatalysts for the PEM electrolyzer are provided.

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“…Among these electrolyzers, alkaline electrolyzers have been commercialized, but acidic PEM-type water electrolyzers possess advantages such as lower ohmic resistance loss, higher current density, faster response, and gas purity. , However, the PEM water electrolyzer requires corrosion-resistant components and has a very limited choice of anodic water oxidation catalysts. At present, the commercialization of PEM electrolyzers is mainly limited by their low durability and high cost. , Moreover, the iridium demand is still a bottleneck. The current iridium loading amount of around 2–4 mg/cm 2 must be dramatically reduced to less than 0.5 mg/cm 2 to realize a mature PEM electrolyzer market …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present, the commercialization of PEM electrolyzers is mainly limited by their low durability and high cost. 11,12 Moreover, the iridium demand is still a bottleneck. The current iridium loading amount of around 2−4 mg/cm 2 must be dramatically reduced to less than 0.5 mg/cm 2 to realize a mature PEM electrolyzer market.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress of Heterogeneous Iridium-Based Water Oxidation Catalysts

Gao

Liu

et al. 2022

ACS Nano

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The water oxidation reaction (or oxygen evolution reaction, OER) plays a critical role in green hydrogen production via water splitting, electrochemical CO 2 reduction, and nitrogen fixation. The four-electron and four-proton transfer OER process involves multiple reaction intermediates and elementary steps that lead to sluggish kinetics; therefore, a high overpotential is necessary to drive the reaction. Among the different water-splitting electrolyzers, the proton exchange membrane type electrolyzer has greater advantages, but its anode catalysts are limited to iridium-based materials. The iridium catalyst has been extensively studied in recent years due to its balanced activity and stability for acidic OER, and many exciting signs of progress have been made. In this review, the surface and bulk Pourbaix diagrams of iridium species in an aqueous solution are introduced. The iridium-based catalysts, including metallic or oxides, amorphous or crystalline, single crystals, atomically dispersed or nanostructured, and iridium compounds for OER, are then elaborated. The latest progress of active sites, reaction intermediates, reaction kinetics, and elementary steps is summarized. Finally, future research directions regarding iridium catalysts for acidic OER are discussed.

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Status and perspectives of key materials for PEM electrolyzer

Cited by 238 publications

References 189 publications

Amorphous Co-Mo-B Film: A High-Active Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Generation in Alkaline Seawater

Amorphous Co-Mo-B Film: A High-Active Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Generation in Alkaline Seawater

Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts for the Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer: Challenges on Stability

Progress of Heterogeneous Iridium-Based Water Oxidation Catalysts

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