Status and future of the soft X-ray free-electron laser beamline at the SHINE

Abstract

The Shanghai High repetition rate XFEL and Extreme light facility (SHINE) is under construction and aims at generating X-rays between 0.4 and 25 keV with three FEL beamlines at repetition rates of up to 1 MHz. The soft X-ray FEL beamline, FEL-II, will be ready for commissioning in 2025. It is designed to cover the photon energy from 0.4 to 3 keV, in which the baselines of the FEL operation modes are self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE), self-seeding, echo-enabled harmonic generation (EEHG), and polarization control. Therefore, a high repetition-rate external seed laser, large period length modulator, soft X-ray monochromator, planar undulator, and elliptically polarized undulator have been adopted in the FEL-II beamline. Several potentials such as an ultra-short pulse mode and a multi-color mode are also foreseeable without significant equipment changes in the follow-up operation. A dual-period undulator design is suggested for the echo-enabled harmonic generation (EEHG) commissioning, and it has great potential to break through the unreachable energy of the fully coherent X-ray in the future. The FEL-II beamline will deliver SASE radiation and fully coherent radiation in all the wavelengths of interest.

Coupler RF kick and emittance optimization of the SHINE injector

“…Several facilities have been built in the world such as Eu-XFEL [2,3] and LCLS-II [4]. The Shanghai High Repetition rate XFEL and Extreme light facility (SHINE) [5][6][7] is an x-ray FEL facility based on an 8 GeV continuous-wave superconducting RF linac, 3 undulator lines, 3 X-ray beamlines and 10 experimental stations, which has started its construction from april of 2018. It currently under construction at Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, close to the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF) [8] and the Shanghai soft X-ray free-electron laser(SXFEL) [9], aims to deliver FEL pulses between 0.4 keV and 25 keV with repetition rate up to 1 MHz, which enable research in various fields, including biology, chemistry, and material science.…”

An 11-bit SAR ADC for high frame rate and high-dynamic X-ray imaging at future XFELs

“…A major trend for XFEL facilities is to operate in a continuous wave (CW) mode with an ultra-high continuous repetition rate up to 1 MHz [7,8]. Ideally, the detector should match the XFEL rate to further enable advanced experimental techniques, such as single-particle imaging [9].…”