Status and foraging in New Zealand honeyeaters

Craig, John L.

doi:10.1080/03014223.1985.10428308

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Females rise in status and approach that of their mates during the breeding season. Similar correlations have been reported in bellbirds (Craig & Douglas 1986;Craig 1985). Downloaded by [University Of Pittsburgh] at 18:00 18 November 2014 Differences in status may explain variations in movement among individual tui.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

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Movements, status, access to nectar, and spatial organisation of the tui

Stewart

Craig

1985

New Zealand Journal of Zoology

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Movements of tui (Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae) breeding on Tiritiri Matangi Island were followed and related to changes in nectar access. The island has limited nectar sources and birds must move to gain access to nectar year round. All tui leave the island, although the extent and timing of movement varies for different individuals. Tui return for breeding but again the timing of the return varies for individuals. Nectar sources were typically concentrated in both time and space, and access was related to individual asymmetries such as sex, residential status and age. These same asymmetries also relate to the timing of individuals movements, and where individuals nest relative to nectar sources. At concentrated food sources, access was determined by an absolute social hierarchy. Although tui defend exclusive feeding territories, breeding territories are not exclusive and access to nectar is determined by distance to nest site. Such variability in spatial organisation is related to a continuum concept of social organisation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Zealand's three honeyeaters, the tui iProsthemadera novaeseelandiae) is the largest (Craiget al 1981 b) and the most dominant (Craig 1985). As the largest, its energy demands per individual are highest; but as the most dominant, its access to the best quality resources is assured.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Movements, status, access to nectar, and spatial organisation of the tui

Stewart

Craig

1985

New Zealand Journal of Zoology

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“…This is also in accordance with several studies using a wide range of experimental approaches that have shown birds to be more efficient pollinators than insects (Bertin 1982; Ramsey 1988; Stewart & Craig 1989; Vaughton 1996; Anderson 1997). Among the factors that help to explain the success of birds in effecting fruit and seed set are their relative abundance, body size, foraging patterns and status (Craig 1985; Stewart & Craig 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relative importance of birds and bees in the pollination of Metrosideros excelsa (Myrtaceae)

2009

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Exclusion experiments were used to assess the effect of different pollinator groups on outcrossing and seed production in Metrosideros excelsa. The main study site was Little Barrier Island, New Zealand where indigenous bird and native solitary bees are the main flower visitors. Our results showed that native birds were more important pollinators of M. excelsa than native bees. Seed production was much higher in open pollination than in two exclusion experiments where either birds were excluded and native bees only had access to flowers, or where all pollinators had been excluded. The number of fertile seeds per capsule was 45% higher after open pollination than in treatments with bee visitation only and 28% higher than in treatments where all flower visitors were excluded. Estimated outcrossing rates were significantly higher (tm = 0.71) for open pollination in the upper canopy (>4 m above-ground level) where bird visitation is presumed to be more frequent than for a treatment with native bee access only (tm = 0.40). Our results also suggest that a large proportion of seeds (66%) arise from autonomous self-pollination when all pollinators are excluded. In four trees of a modified mainland population with predominantly introduced birds and a mixture of introduced and native bees there was no decrease in seed production for the treatment allowing bee access only, indicating that -in contrast to native bees -honeybees may be more efficient pollinators of M. excelsa. Observation of the foraging behaviour of both groups of bees showed that native bees contact the stigma of flowers less frequently than honeybees.This is likely to be a consequence of their smaller body size relative to honeybees.

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“…Quite apart from pollinator abundance, factors such as foraging patterns, flight distances, body size and social hierarchy of pollinators may influence the mating system (Waser, 1982;Craig, 1985;Stewart and Craig, 1989;Karron et al, 1995). In some insect-pollinated plants, for example, the high interpopulation variation in outcrossing rates can be largely attributed to the behavior of pollinators (Schemske and Lande, 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low outcrossing rates and shift in pollinators in New Zealand pohutukawa (Metrosideros excelsa;Myrtaceae)

Schmidt‐Adam

Young

Murray

2000

American J of Botany

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New Zealand pohutukawa (Metrosideros excelsa), a member of the Myrtaceae, is a large, mass-flowering tree endemic to northern New Zealand coastlines. Mainland populations have been reduced to fragmented stands, and the original suite of bird pollinators has been largely replaced by introduced species. The native pollinator fauna on several offshore islands is largely intact and includes three species of the New Zealand honeyeaters (Meliphagidae) and native, solitary bees. We estimated multilocus outcrossing rates for three mainland and two island populations and found that they were among the lowest in the Myrtaceae (t(m) = 0.22-0.53). The shift in pollinators had no measurable effect on the mating system. Mass-flowering facilitates geitonogamous selfing, and inbreeding depression in seedling height was detectable at 6 mo of growth. F(s) [Wright's (1965) Fixation Index] was consistently higher than F(m) in all populations, indicating that selection may eliminate selfed offspring from populations prior to achieving reproductive maturity. Results suggest that increased selfing in mainland populations due to pollinator changes is not responsible for current patterns of poor regeneration of this species.

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Status and foraging in New Zealand honeyeaters

Cited by 26 publications

References 23 publications

Movements, status, access to nectar, and spatial organisation of the tui

Movements, status, access to nectar, and spatial organisation of the tui

The relative importance of birds and bees in the pollination of Metrosideros excelsa (Myrtaceae)

Low outcrossing rates and shift in pollinators in New Zealand pohutukawa (Metrosideros excelsa;Myrtaceae)

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