Status and distribution of the Pemba flying fox Pteropus voeltzkowi

Entwistle, Abigail; Corp, Nadia

doi:10.1017/s003060530002202x

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Pteropus is the one exception within Malagasy bats [148]; it is absent from the African mainland, and found on islands in the western Indian Ocean, including Madagascar, as well as Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and Australia [149]. Interestingly, Pteropus also inhabits the island of Pemba where it is separated from the African mainland by only 56 km [150].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imperfect Isolation: Factors and Filters Shaping Madagascar’s Extant Vertebrate Fauna

et al. 2013

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Analyses of phylogenetic topology and estimates of divergence timing have facilitated a reconstruction of Madagascar’s colonization events by vertebrate animals, but that information alone does not reveal the major factors shaping the island’s biogeographic history. Here, we examine profiles of Malagasy vertebrate clades through time within the context of the island’s paleogeographical evolution to determine how particular events influenced the arrival of the island’s extant groups. First we compare vertebrate profiles on Madagascar before and after selected events; then we compare tetrapod profiles on Madagascar to contemporary tetrapod compositions globally. We show that changes from the Mesozoic to the Cenozoic in the proportions of Madagascar’s tetrapod clades (particularly its increase in the representation of birds and mammals) are tied to changes in their relative proportions elsewhere on the globe. Differences in the representation of vertebrate classes from the Mesozoic to the Cenozoic reflect the effects of extinction (i.e., the non-random susceptibility of the different vertebrate clades to purported catastrophic global events 65 million years ago), and new evolutionary opportunities for a subset of vertebrates with the relatively high potential for transoceanic dispersal potential. In comparison, changes in vertebrate class representation during the Cenozoic are minor. Despite the fact that the island’s isolation has resulted in high vertebrate endemism and a unique and taxonomically imbalanced extant vertebrate assemblage (both hailed as testimony to its long isolation), that isolation was never complete. Indeed, Madagascar’s extant tetrapod fauna owes more to colonization during the Cenozoic than to earlier arrivals. Madagascar’s unusual vertebrate assemblage needs to be understood with reference to the basal character of clades originating prior to the K-T extinction, as well as to the differential transoceanic dispersal advantage of other, more recently arriving clades. Thus, the composition of Madagascar’s endemic vertebrate assemblage itself provides evidence of the island's paleogeographic history.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imperfect Isolation: Factors and Filters Shaping Madagascar’s Extant Vertebrate Fauna

et al. 2013

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“…On Yap, hunting pressure caused P. mariannus to move to mangrove areas (Falanruw, 1988). Small islands off the coast of Pemba Island in the Indian Ocean are thought to provide important refuges for the Pemba Flying-fox, Pteropus voeltzkowi since they are hunted less frequently than camp-sites on Pemba itself (Entwistle & Corp, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry season camps of flying‐foxes (Pteropus spp.) in Kakadu World Heritage Area, north Australia

et al. 1999

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We investigated camps of black Pteropus alecto and red¯ying-fox P. scapulatus in the early dry season of 1992 (April±June) in Kakadu National Park, a World Heritage Area in the wet-dry tropics of north Australia. Fifteen camp-sites were located and two types of camps were de®ned: main camps containing > 1000 animals and a signi®cant component of young (P. alecto, n = 4; P. scapulatus, n = 2) and satellite camps of lesser size (P. alecto, n = 9; P. scapulatus, n = 3). The two species shared three camp-sites. All camps were in dense riparian vegetation (fresh and saltwater mangroves, paperbark forests, closed forest and bamboo), overhanging or adjacent to water inhabited by crocodiles, that would provide a protected microclimate and protection from predators. All camps were within 5 km or less of one or more unoccupied sites that were indistinguishable in landform or vegetation from camp-sites. In Kakadu NP riparian vegetation makes up about 6% of the park and is a non-limiting resource for¯ying-fox roosting. We propose that the initial colonization of camp-sites is essentially random when roost vegetation is nonlimiting and that factors such as predation by humans, cyclones and ®res determine the persistence and size of camps at the local level. At a broader temporal and spatial scale, interaction between the seasonal availability of forage and reproductive cycles is known to in¯uence the location, size and structure of Pteropus camps. We advance the hypothesis that colonies of¯ying-foxes could be moved to new campsites, a strategy that would facilitate resolution of the frequently problematic management of these animals.

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“…comm.). Islanders placed an intrinsic value on the bats, but they had been unaware that the population was declining as a result of unsustainable use and habitat loss (Entwistle & Corp, 1995) or that the bats were endemic to the island, a fact that resonated with an emerging separatist movement (of Pemba from Zanzibar) at the time. The scientific information reinforced the intrinsic cultural values held for the bats, catalysing village elders to establish local by-laws to reduce disturbance at roost sites and restrict hunting to traditional methods.…”

Section: An Historical Narrativementioning

confidence: 99%

Reflections on cultural values approaches to conservation: lessons from 20 years of implementation

Infield

Entwistle

Anthem

et al. 2017

Oryx

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The natural environment underpins human well-being in diverse and complex ways, providing both material and non-material benefits. Effective conservation requires context-specific understandings of human interactions with, and conceptions of, nature. A focus on how cultural values and norms frame relationships with the natural world can enhance conservation efforts, and can prevent conservation actions undermining local culture and values, providing opportunities to reinforce them instead. Conservation, including the conceptualization and management of protected areas, has the potential to support or undermine these culture–nature relationships. A cultural values approach seeks to identify, understand and integrate considerations of cultural values into the design and implementation of conservation initiatives. Such approaches can realize diverse benefits, including maintaining and enhancing local culture (as a contribution to human well-being), deepening links between communities and conservation activities; facilitating parallel conservation of nature and culture; promoting non-material as well as material natural values; and allowing specific cultural values to inform and drive conservation efforts. Cultural values approaches thus help to enhance the equity, efficacy and acceptability of conservation practice. Fauna & Flora International has implicitly and explicitly acknowledged cultural values within project design and delivery for over 20 years. In 2011 a Cultural Values Programme was established to enhance the role of cultural values of species, places and practices, and of individual and group identities, within conservation. Here we describe our evolving approach to integrating cultural values into conservation practice, provide key lessons learnt, based on specific case studies, and relate these to wider conservation policy and practice.

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Status and distribution of the Pemba flying fox Pteropus voeltzkowi

Cited by 13 publications

References 6 publications

Imperfect Isolation: Factors and Filters Shaping Madagascar’s Extant Vertebrate Fauna

Imperfect Isolation: Factors and Filters Shaping Madagascar’s Extant Vertebrate Fauna

Dry season camps of flying‐foxes (Pteropus spp.) in Kakadu World Heritage Area, north Australia

Reflections on cultural values approaches to conservation: lessons from 20 years of implementation

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