Stator Optimization of Wind Power Generators With High-Temperature Superconducting Armature Windings and Permanent Magnet Rotor

Xue, Shaoshen; Thomas, A.; Zhu, Z. Q.; Huang, Li-Ren; Duke, Alexander; Clark, Richard E.; Azar, Ziad

doi:10.1109/tasc.2020.3037057

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…An off-shelf cooling system is used to easily cool this material [17]. The machine armature is designed in such a way that the density of magnetic flux in the stator is maximized, allowing the line voltage to remain constant [17,[30][31][32].…”

Section: Electrical Generators For Wecssmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [31], Zhou et al introduced a 2 MW direct drive HTS wind generator by using HTS wires in copper transposed conductor in the stator windings and the rotor field coils. In [32], Xue et al discussed the performance of machines with HTS armature windings which are more sensitive to the parameters of design owing to the interaction between the flux density and the operating current compared with the conventional electrical machines.…”

Section: Recent Trend In Wind Generatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Trends in Wind Energy Conversion System with Grid Integration Based on Soft Computing Methods: Comprehensive Review, Comparisons and Insights

Mostafa

El-Hay

Elkholy

2022

Arch Computat Methods Eng

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Wind energy is an effective and promising renewable energy source to produce electrical energy. Wind energy conversion systems (WECS) have been developing on a wide scale worldwide. The expansion of wind energy demand tends to produce high-quality output power in terms of grid integration. Due to the intermittent nature of wind energy, great challenges are found regarding WECS modeling, control, and grid integration. This paper introduces a comprehensive review of WECS and their grid-interface systems based on soft computing methods. To achieve this aim, more than 300 articles are organised and only 160 papers are presented in this review. This is intended to cover a broad range of topics concerning the configurations of WECS, electrical generators, and various topologies of power converters used for control and grid integration. Furthermore, international grid codes for wind energy integration with electric grids, particularly frequency, power factor, and low voltage ride through (LVRT) capability are investigated. The major controller approaches and topologies for grid and generator converters are discussed. Different aspects of modern control of WECS are introduced either for grid-side or generator-side. Moreover, control strategies for maximum power point tracking methods are compared along with methods of frequency control. This review paper introduces a comprehensive and a useful summery for the recent work in literature regarding WECS. Detailed modelling, control, and grid integration along with comparisons and discussion are introduced.

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Section: Electrical Generators For Wecssmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recent Trend In Wind Generatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Trends in Wind Energy Conversion System with Grid Integration Based on Soft Computing Methods: Comprehensive Review, Comparisons and Insights

Mostafa

El-Hay

Elkholy

2022

Arch Computat Methods Eng

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“…Compared to the same topology of conventional machines, HTS machines have the advantages of small size, high power density, high efficiency, low temperature rise, and low iron loss [1,2,3,4,5]. Therefore, HTS machines can be applied in particular fields to further improve equipment performance, such as fully electric aircraft, ship-driven equipment, and offshore wind-power generation components [6,7,8,9,10,11,12]. HTS machines use a non-magnetic fixture because it generates higher magnetic flux density compared to conventional machines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accurate sub-domain model for magnetic field computation in electrical machines with HTS materials

Chang

Bao

2023

IEICE Electron. Express

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The primary aim of this study was to develop and validate an accurate sub-domain analytical model to estimate the magnetic field of electric machines with high-temperature superconducting (HTS) excitation and armature windings. The model was developed by utilizing the separation variable and harmonic analysis methods to solve Laplace's or Poisson's equations of the vector magnetic potential in two-dimensional polar coordinates. The theoretical derivations of the final analytical equations for the magnetic flux density distribution in the air-gap and in permanent magnets, electromagnetic torque, and no-load backelectromotive force (back-EMF) are explained in detail. Finally, the magnetic vector potential, flux density distribution of each sub-domain, noload back-EMF, and inductive reactance of the armature winding were solved by considering the critical parameters of the superconducting materials, and the influence of higher harmonics. The finite-element method (FEM) was used to validate the accuracy of the developed analytical method for the investigated HTS generator. The results show the developed analytical method is accurate and time-saving.

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“…Some of them only considered the AC loss in HTS armature windings caused by transport currents [13], [169]; others simulated the influence of static rotor magnetic fields on the AC loss of armature windings [165], [168], [170], [171]. In a real motor application, the magnetic fields in the armature windings are rotated with the rotor.…”

Section: Ac Loss Simulation In Hts Armature Windingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

AC Loss Reduction in HTS Coils and Armature Windings of Fully Superconducting Motors

You¹

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High AC loss in armature windings is one of the greatest barriers to achieve practical fully-HTS (high-temperature superconducting) motors. At present, AC loss estimation for HTS armature windings is one of the core technical challenges. AC loss behaviours and AC loss reduction methodologies have not been fully investigated in REBCO (REBa2Cu3O7-x, RE: rare earth) HTS armature windings carrying AC current under rotating magnetic fields. Many open questions need to be studied, of which this thesis addresses the three most prominent: can significant AC loss reduction be achieved by using low-loss MFDs (magnetic flux diverters); is it feasible to apply MFD structure to the HTS armature windings; and what kind of REBCO conductor types for armature windings generate less AC loss. The goal of this thesis is applying experimental and numerical methods to investigate AC loss behaviours and AC loss reduction methodologies in the HTS windings wound with REBCO wires. Specifically, it includes investigating AC loss reduction in HTS coil assembly by using low-loss MFDs; building numerical models for fully-HTS motors; and developing methodologies to achieve AC loss reduction in the HTS armature windings. We firstly explored the effectiveness of AC loss reduction on a REBCO four double-pancake coil assembly by using low-loss MFDs, MPP (Molypermalloy powder) MFDs and HF (High flux) MFDs. These have not been studied with HTS coils before. The measured and simulated results show that both MFDs can significantly reduce the total loss (the summation of the losses in the HTS windings and MFDs) in the system. At 77 K and 40 A coil current, compared with the coil assembly without MFDs, the total loss with HF and MPP MFDs is reduced by 77% and 81%, respectively. Although MPP MFDs show slightly better performance in reducing total loss at low coil current, HF MFDs are the more obvious option for AC loss reduction in high magnetic field applications owing to their relatively high saturation field. Next, we developed numerical models to investigate the AC loss reduction in the armature windings of a 50 kW fully HTS motor by applying pole shoes, which function as MFDs. For comparison, two motor designs with and without pole shoes have been considered in the finite-element method (FEM) models. REBCO coated conductors were considered for both the armature and field windings, and 2D FEM models of both designs were built using the T-A formulation (T: current vector potential, A: magnetic vector potential) and rotating meshes. The simulation results show that flux diverting pole shoes reduced the perpendicular magnetic field in the armature windings and provided a 51% AC loss reduction, without weight penalty or motor power rating reduction. Finally, AC loss simulation in HTS armature windings of a 100 kW HTS motor wound with different types of REBCO conductor arrangements were carried out. Three types of conductors, 4 mm-wide REBCO conductors, 14/2 (14 strands, each strand is 2 mm wide) REBCO Roebel cables and striated REBCO conductors with four 1 mm-wide filaments, were considered in the armature windings. The simulation results show that both Roebel cables or striated conductors can significantly reduce the AC loss in the armature windings compared with 4 mm-wide conductors. Further, a 2% AC loss reduction can be achieved in the armature winding wound with REBCO conductors with asymmetric Ic(B, θ) characteristics by simply flipping the direction of the conductors. This work provides a method to achieve large AC loss reduction in HTS coil windings by using low-loss MFDs. Also, it supplies practical implications for designing armature windings of fully-HTS superconducting rotating machines. The methodologies of AC loss reduction in this thesis also can be applied to other HTS applications, such as transformers, and fast ramping magnets.

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Stator Optimization of Wind Power Generators With High-Temperature Superconducting Armature Windings and Permanent Magnet Rotor

Cited by 7 publications

References 44 publications

Recent Trends in Wind Energy Conversion System with Grid Integration Based on Soft Computing Methods: Comprehensive Review, Comparisons and Insights

Recent Trends in Wind Energy Conversion System with Grid Integration Based on Soft Computing Methods: Comprehensive Review, Comparisons and Insights

Accurate sub-domain model for magnetic field computation in electrical machines with HTS materials

AC Loss Reduction in HTS Coils and Armature Windings of Fully Superconducting Motors

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