Statistics of entanglement transformation with hierarchies among catalysts

Catalysis in action via elementary thermal operations

“…Furthermore, we decompose catalytic transitions into time-resolved evolution, which critically enables the tracking of nonequilibrium free energy exchanges between the system and bath. Our results provide evidence for the existence of simple and practicable catalytic advantage in thermodynamics while offering insight into analysing the mechanism of catalytic processes.1 See [30] for an alternative direction discussing catalysts that activate the transitions that are not possible even between multiple copies of initial and target states.…”

“…1 See [30] for an alternative direction discussing catalysts that activate the transitions that are not possible even between multiple copies of initial and target states.…”