Statistics for malignant melanoma in Japan: A nationwide survey conducted during the calendar years 2006 2007

康弘, 藤澤; 毅法, 高橋; 明史, 山本; 直也, 山崎; 俊明, 斎田; 和之, 石原; 藤男, 大塚

doi:10.5227/skincancer.23.267

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…A study by the Prognosis and Statistical Investigation Committee (PSIC) of the Japanese Skin Cancer Society (JSCS) showed that the numbers of patients with malignant melanoma in 22 hospitals over several years were 1717 (1987 -1991), 1991 (1992 -1996), and 2468 (1997 -2001) 5 . Trends in anatomical site and Clark's subtype in Japan are shown in Tables 1 and 2 6 . The foot is the most prevalent site of these lesions, and acral lentiginous melanoma is the most common type in Japanese patients.…”

Section: Melanoma In Japanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sentinel lymph node biopsy in Japan

2009

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Similar to western countries, intraoperative lymphatic mapping and selected lymphadenectomy (SNB) have been verified and are widely performed for staging of melanoma in Japan. Recent studies showed that approximately 90% (73/81) of university hospitals and several cancer hospitals routinely perform SNB, and half of melanoma patients receive this examination. SNB is performed according to a variation of the standard procedure described by Morton and Cochran. The most frequently used tracers are Tc 99m -tin colloid or Tc 99m -phytate for scintigraphy and patent blue violet or indigo carmine as a blue dye. Some institutions use indocyanine green, which is fluorescent and can be used to visualize sentinel lymph node(s) (SN) under an infrared camera. The recent detection rates of SN has increased to over 95% with the method using blue dye, lymphoscintigraphy, and a handheld gamma probe. In a multicenter study, the rates of metastasis in SN were as follows: pTis, 0% (0/36); pT1, 11.3% (6/56); pT2, 21.0% (13/63); pT3, 34.0% (35/103); and pT4, 62.4% (63/101). Metastasis rate was also significantly related with ulceration of the primary tumor. Here, we discuss data from Japanese patients and the present status of SNB in Japan.Introduction Lymph node metastasis is one of the most powerful predictors of recurrence and survival in patients with melanoma 1 . Therefore, elective lymph node dissection (ELND) has been widely used in the treatment of these patients. However, in several randomized controlled trials, overall survival benefits of ELND were not confirmed and ELND is becoming less common, especially in the USA 2 . In Japan, ELND had been accepted as the standard management in patients with primary tumors more than 3 mm in thickness. Intraoperative lymphatic mapping and selected lymphadenectomy (SNB) have made it possible to determine the lymphatic flow from a primary tumor and to identify its sentinel lymph node(s) (SN) in the regional basin 3,4 . This technique not only has lower morbidity than ELND but also permits more accurate and reliable staging. The new UICC/AJCC melanoma staging system has incorporated the pathological evaluation in SN into the new staging criteria for melanoma 1 . SLNB has been verified and is widely used as staging tool for melanoma in Japan. Here, we mainly discuss data from Japanese patients and the present status of sentinel node biopsy in Japan.

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Section: Melanoma In Japanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sentinel lymph node biopsy in Japan

2009

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“…Malignant melanoma normally occurs in sun-exposed skin, but onset may occasionally occur in the eyes, nervous system, nose, mouth, digestive system, or internal organs [4]. Ocular malignant melanoma occurs in all age groups but is frequently seen in people aged 65 years and older [5,6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It accounts for only 3-5% of malignant melanomas (annual incidence of approximately 1.6 per million) and is commonly uveal [7]. Uveal melanomas include choroidal, ciliary body, and iris melanomas, of which 90% [4] have a fatal prognosis [8]. Malignant melanoma of the uvea arises from melanocytes in the uveal tract.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy for metastatic melanoma originating from the choroidal membrane: a case report

et al. 2021

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Background Metastatic melanoma originating from the choroidal membrane is extremely rare. Here, we report a case of laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy for malignant melanoma that developed after heavy-particle therapy for malignant choroidal melanoma. Case presentation A 43-year-old Japanese woman underwent 70 Gy heavy-particle radiotherapy for a right choroidal malignant melanoma. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography examination was performed 4 years after treatment, when contrast accumulation was observed on the posterior wall of the stomach. Endoscopic ultrasonography and computed tomography showed a mass with contrast enhancement in contact with the stomach wall. Based on the imaging findings, a gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the posterior wall of the lower gastric corpus with extramural growth was suspected. Laparoscopic surgery was performed under general anesthesia. A black-pigmented tumor originating from the pancreas was discovered. Following an intraoperative diagnosis of metastasis of malignant melanoma, a laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy was performed. The pathological diagnosis was pancreatic metastasis of malignant melanoma. The patient was treated with adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors and chemotherapy after surgery, which led to long-term survival. Conclusions Including this case, only eight case reports on pancreatic resection for metastatic ocular malignant melanoma have been reported. The ocular malignant melanoma with distant metastasis has a poor prognosis. Therefore, in our case, careful follow-up is required. A single pancreatic metastasis from a malignant melanoma of the choroid can be successfully managed by laparoscopic radical resection of the pancreas, and molecularly targeted adjuvant chemotherapy.

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“…During early embryogenesis, melanoblasts migrate from the neural crest to various sites, including the mucosal surfaces of the body (e.g., lining the sinuses, nasal passages, oral cavity, vagina, and anus), and these can transform into cancerous cells, resulting in mucosal melanoma (7). Mucosal melanoma is a rare form of this disease, making up only about 1.2% of white, non-Hispanic cases in the United States (8) and 3% of Japanese cases (9,10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinicopathological characteristics of malignant melanomas of the skin and gastrointestinal tract

et al. 2018

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The present study examined the differences between gastrointestinal melanoma (GM) and skin melanoma (SM). The clinicopathological characteristics, the expression of melanoma stem cell markers nestin, sex determining region Y-box 2 and ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 5, and the presence of the mutation were evaluated in 10 cases of GM and 31 cases of SM. Patients with GM had an increased mean age compared with those with SM (76 vs. 68 years). In addition, GMs were significantly more likely than SMs to be amelanotic (50 vs. 7%; P=0.001) and display round cells (70 vs. 23%; P=0.02). The mitosis rate was also significantly higher in GM compared with SM (P<0.05). The incidence of lymph-node metastasis (60 vs. 32%; P<0.05) and distant metastasis (10 vs. 6.5%, P=0.02) was significantly higher in GMs compared with SMs. The expression of stem cell markers did not differ significantly between groups, however, in the SM group advanced-stage disease was associated with a significantly higher expression of nestin than early-stage disease (P<0.05). Immunohistochemically, the expression of BRAF was significantly lower in GMs compared with in SMs (1.0 vs. 3.3; P=0.01). These findings indicate that the identification of these features may aid in the diagnosis of GM and SM, as well as contribute to the development of novel targeted therapies against GM.

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Statistics for malignant melanoma in Japan: A nationwide survey conducted during the calendar years 2006 2007

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Sentinel lymph node biopsy in Japan

Sentinel lymph node biopsy in Japan

Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy for metastatic melanoma originating from the choroidal membrane: a case report

Clinicopathological characteristics of malignant melanomas of the skin and gastrointestinal tract

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