Statistical Theory of Communication

Lee, Y. W.; Beneš, V. E.

doi:10.1115/1.3641694

Cited by 65 publications

(97 citation statements)

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Order By: Relevance

“…T h e r e q u i r e d relationship for linear systems may be expressed as the general integral equation: hence the use of appropriate software is highly recommended. Equation (4) has since been widely exploited in many fields, including communications (Lee, 1960), control systems (Newton et al 1957), and weapons guidance (Garnell and East 1977). It thus has a well established pedigree.…”

Section: Estimating Order Rate and Inventory Variancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pragmatic approach to the design of bullwhip controllers

Zhou¹,

Disney

Towill

2010

International Journal of Production Economics

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It is well known that forecasting mechanisms can greatly increase "bullwhip" -demand variance amplification of orders as processed by both human and algorithmic decision makers. This paper is concerned with the application of the well established APIOBPCS Decision Support System (a variant of the Order-Up-To Rule) in such circumstances. It has two feedback controls (based on the inventory and the ordersin-pipeline respectively) with gains set equal according to the Deziel-Eilon Rule.There is one feed-forward control based on exponential forecasting, although this is not a restriction on the application of this system.We consider the pragmatic role of APIOBPCS in the situation where the echelon decision maker may be handling a wide range of SKU's in a non-altruistic environment where upmarket information may either be withheld or simply unavailable. Under such circumstances it has been established via site-based studies that the decision makers output (the orders) reflect a wide range of strategies (or maybe ignorance). Three strategies may be regarded as "appropriate", i.e. Passorders-Along; Demand Smoothing; and Level Scheduling depending, on context. APIOBPCS can be adapted to each of these modus operandi. In the first case with the added capability of smoothing the "sharp edges" with a modicum of inventory variation, and in the last case with the advantage of built-in trend detection."Players" in non-altruistic supply chains must be able to cope with added uncertainties due to lead-time variations. We show that APIOBPCS may be well matched to such situations and is hence "copable" as well as "capable". The paper includes recommended parameter settings according to desired decision-making policies.

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Section: Estimating Order Rate and Inventory Variancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pragmatic approach to the design of bullwhip controllers

Zhou¹,

Disney

Towill

2010

International Journal of Production Economics

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“…Note that the recent report of a measurement of soft X-ray emission from Sco X-l [12], is consistent with our model if the mean interstellar hydrogen density in the direction of that extar is ~0.5 cm" 3 (~2.5 mean free paths for X-ray absorption). We find further that with the radius R~\0OAU, ««10 6 cm~3 (consistent with absence of forbidden lines in the optical spectrum of Sco X-l) and B&2G*, the relativistic electron energy density is NOEVR « 5 x 10" 8 ergs/cm 3 where N 0 is the mean density of UR electrons and (£ UR = y 0 mc 2 ). Note that for our model N 0 E VR < nkT so that the dynamics of the extar is not affected directly by the relativistic electron pressure.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Note here that in order for a function of frequency to be a power spectrum of a realizable stochastic process [3], the function must be (a) symmetric in frequency; (b) integrable on the entire real frequency axis; and (c) non-negative for all real frequencies.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mechanism for X-ray production in extars

Manley¹,

Olbert

1970

Symp. - Int. Astron. Union

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This presentation attempts to describe in very qualitative terms a theory of production of high energy radiation (soft and hard X-rays) in magnetoactive plasmas of astrophysical interest. Special emphasis has been placed on the application of our model to extars and in particular to Sco X-l. More rigorous arguments may be found else where [1] and the interested reader is urged to consult that reference for more details.Because the construction of our model for X-ray production is independent of evolutionary considerations, in the body of the paper we have steered clear of such admittedly important problems as the origin and nature of the forces holding an extar together. Nor have we dealt adequately with the ultimate source of energy in extars. Our guiding philosqphy has been somewhat akin to that taken by an earlier generation of astrophysicists in the context of stellar structures. It will be recalled that there too was an 'insurmountable problem', that of the energetics of stellar luminosities. Nevertheless the major results for a large class of stellar structures were obtained by applying rather elementary physical concepts. To this day, they stand relatively un changed by the discovery of nuclear synthesis as the source of stellar radiation. It is quite possible that the principles governing the origin and dynamics of extars as well as other new and strange objects in galactic and extragalactic space, such as quasars and pulsars, lie outside of contemporary physics. If that is so, then these recent astro nomical discoveries are bound to serve as a stimulus for a new synthesis in physics, much as other, long past astronomical discoveries led to past syntheses. Nonetheless it is tempting to apply some simple ideas stemming from contemporary physics, and see how well one can account for the observed properties of extars to date. It is this course that we propose to explore below.For reasons dealt with at great length elsewhere [1] our point of departure is that the bulk of extar radiation, viz. X-rays, is due to synchrotron emission by relativistic electrons in a preexisting magnetic field. For the present purposes we assume that the energy required to account for the luminosity of extars is that lodged in the magnetic field. In this context, it is irrelevant whether or not the energy content of this field is replenished by a more fundamental, underlying celestial body -here this consider ation would merely change the estimate of the effective lifetime of typical X-ray sources. What is important, however, is that a magnetic field is the only feasible means of storing significant amounts of energy in space without encountering unduly large * Present address: Visidyne, Inc.,

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“…We applied FFT to the average cycle time IFRs of two types of the SA units (Ft I and Ft II units), and one type of the RA units (RA type I units). Cycle time IFRs are a kind of cross-correlation of the responses with the stimulus waveform (LEE, 1960;SATO et al, 1962), so that they are assumed to be noise-free responses evoked by stimulus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral analysis of instantaneous frequency responses to sinusoidal stimulation in cutaneous mechanoreceptor afferent units of frogs.

Taniguchi

Ogawa

1987

Jpn.J.Physiol

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While applying the Fast Fourier Transform to the instantaneous frequency responses to sinusoidal indentations of the cutaneous mechanoreceptor afferent units in frogs, we examined quantitatively the dynamic responses of these units. In two kinds of slowly adapting (SA) units, i.e., frog type I and frog type II units, and in rapidly adapting (RA) type I units, the instantaneous frequency responses could be reconstructed by summation of the DC component and the major 3-5 harmonics in the power spectra. In both types of SA units, the fundamental wave was the largest in power of the spectrum, but in the RA units, the 2nd harmonic was the largest. In SA units, the phase of the fundamental wave advanced by 20-55° relative to the sinusoidal stimulation, but the phase of the 2nd harmonic of the RA units advanced by ca. 90°. The magnitude of each component in the power spectra, especially the fundamental wave of the two SA units and the 2nd harmonics of the RA unit, increased with an increase in stimulus amplitude and frequency. The phases of thee harmonics in both SA and RA types were fairly constant over varying amplitudes and frequencies of sinusoidal stimulation. The present findings indicate that both the frog type I and type II cutaneous mechanoreceptor afferent units detect both indentation magnitude and positive velocity, and that the RA type I cutaneous mechanoreceptor afferent units detect the stimulus velocity.

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Statistical Theory of Communication

Cited by 65 publications

References 0 publications

A pragmatic approach to the design of bullwhip controllers

A pragmatic approach to the design of bullwhip controllers

Mechanism for X-ray production in extars

Spectral analysis of instantaneous frequency responses to sinusoidal stimulation in cutaneous mechanoreceptor afferent units of frogs.

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