Statistical techniques and algorithms applied in satellite communications antenna arrays for direction of arrival estimation and calibration

Computer‐aided experimental studies for adaptive beamforming algorithms and array processing in engineering education

“…The error between the reference signal and the received signal/s is then iteratively minimized to increase the SNR by minimizing the noise and eliminating the interferences. The TR adaptive algorithms use minimum mean square error (MMSE) criteria to obtain optimal weight/s [28]. Beamforming is carried out by minimizing the mean square error (MSE) between the array output and the reference signal.…”

“…Subsequently, nulls are directed towards interferences and the main beam are steered to desired signals directions simultaneously. The spatial reference adaptive algorithms employ two different algorithms, such the first algorithm determines the DoA of impinging signals and according to a certain power thresholding, it passes DoA information to the second algorithm which calculates the optimal complex weight values for desired signals and eliminates the interferences [28]. DoA algorithms : DoA estimations are based on two subcategories, subspace methods and parametric methods.…”

“…If the error signal is selected the adaptive beamforming algorithms consider the mutual coupling effects and the array manifolds according to the model in Refs. [25,26,28,35] otherwise, the random generated signal is employed. Moreover, users can introduce extracted s-parameters files which can be generated in CST or other antenna simulation software to get more realistic results.…”

“…The mutual coupling and array manifold was modeled according to Refs. [25,26,28,35]. Students can compare ideal RLS with distorted RLS by selecting error signal in tool in terms of SNR level.…”