Statistical Relationship Between the Presence of Human Subgingival Anaerobic Diphtheroids and Periodontal Disease

Beveridge, Terrance; Goldner, M.

doi:10.1177/00220345730520031101

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…It would also explain the reported shift toward a more anerobic flora as conditions change from a normal to a diseased state. 32 It should be noted that a shift toward anaerobic microorganisms can also take place with time in strictly supragingival deposits, presumably because the increased thickness of the microbial layer provides suitable sites for the growth of anaerobes. 33 However, it is unlikely that thickening alone of the supragingival microbial mass could provide an adequate environment for the prolifera tion of strict anaerobes such as the spirochetes which were first noted in the gingivitis samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure of the Microbial Flora Associated with Periodontal Health and Disease in Man: A Light and Electron Microscopic Study

Listgarten

1976

Journal of Periodontology

498

304

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Teeth slated for extraction were evaluated with respect to their periodontal status and classified accordingly into five categories; namely normal, gingivitis, periodontitis, periodontosis and postperiodontosis. After processing, one approximal surface of each tooth was sampled at various levels in an apico-occlusal direction for light and electron microscopic study of the associated bacterial flora. In normal samples, the flora consisted of a relatively thin, adherent bacterial layer confined to the enamel surface. The cells were predominantly coccoid in shape with cell wall features compatible with those of Gram-positive organisms. Isolated filamentous or branching forms and some Gram-negative bacteria were noted on the surface of the more apical portion of the bacterial layer. No flagellated cells or spirochetes were present. Gingivitis samples yielded a relatively more voluminous and complex supragingival flora with relatively more filamentous bacteria and more cells with a Gram-negative cell wall ultrastructure. These samples also contained corncob formations on the surface of supragingival deposits, and flagellated cells with spirochetes within the predominantly Gram-negative flora of the sulcus bottom. Supragingival bacterial deposits of periodontitis samples were similar to those observed in gingivitis. The subgingival flora consisted of relatively fewer cells adherent to the root surface with a concomitant increase in the population of Gram-negative and flagellated cells, as well as spirochetes. The tissue side of the subgingival flora generally exhibited a distinctive concentration of "test-tube brush" formations, spirochetes of predominantly medium size, and assorted cell types peculiar to this region. A transitional flora generally separated the supra- from the subgingival microbial population. Periodontosis samples had a relatively sparse, predominantly Gram-negative flora. A unique electron-dense, lobulated cuticular deposit covered the majority of the samples studied. Postperiodontosis samples were much more similar in their microbial flora to the periodontitis group. The results suggest that (1) a certain microbial flora may be compatible with a state of periodontal health; (2) a different flora is associated with varying degrees of periodontal disease; (3) the structure and composition of the supragingival flora differs markedly from that of the subgingival flora; (4) with the exception of periodontis, the alterations of the microbial flora as periodontal disease increases inseverity parallel the changes described previously in the microbial population collected on artificial crowns during experimentally induced gingivitis. The use of the expressions "microbial flora" or "microbial population" is considered preferable to the terms "plaque", "materia alba", or "debris" in reference to the microbiota of the gingival sulcus region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These large filaments were frequently embedded in a structureless, relatively electron-lucent matrix (Figs. [31][32][33]. Their cell wall was not typical of those classically described for either Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria.…”

Section: Periodontitis Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of the Microbial Flora Associated with Periodontal Health and Disease in Man: A Light and Electron Microscopic Study

Listgarten

1976

Journal of Periodontology

498

304

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“…P. acnes is considered to be important in the etiology of periodontal diseases (1,32), but little is known about its bacteriocin. In the course of screening tests of antagonistic activity between oral bacteria, in vitro, a proteinaceous bacteriocin-like substance which we have designated "acnecin" was found in a strain of P. acnes isolated from human dental plaque.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification and Properties of a Bacteriocin-Like Substance (Acnecin) of Oral Propionibacterium acnes

Fujimura

Nakamura

1978

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Propionibacterium acnes CN-8, isolated from human dental plaque, was grown in a liquid medium, and its bacteriocin-like substance (acnecin) was extracted from the cells by ultrasonic treatment. Acnecin was purified to a homogeneous state with recovery of 47%. Specific activity increased 72-fold in comparison with the crude extract. The properties of acnecin were as follows. (i) Acnecin may consist of five subunits with a molecular weight of about 12,000. (ii) Its isoelectric point was 5.5. (iii) In amino acid composition, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, and alanine were predominant, whereas cystine was not present. (iv) Acnecin contained 3.3% carbohydrate but was substantially free from lipid. (v) The activity was lost by heating at 60°C or by protease and lysozyme treatments. Acnecin acted bacteriostatically on the indicator strain without killing it. The action spectrum of acnecin was very narrow; it was effective only against strains of nonacnecin-producing P. acnes and Corynebacterium parvum, a species closely related to P. acnes.

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“…Notably, C. diphtheria has already been recovered from periodontal disease sites (23) and root canal infections (14). C. diphtheriae belongs to the family Mycobacteriaceae and is gram-positive and aerobic; it causes the disease diphtheria, which primarily affects the upper respiratory tract.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Ecosystem Analysis in Root Canal Infections Refractory to Endodontic Treatment

Henriques

Brito

Tavares

et al. 2016

Journal of Endodontics

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Introduction To combine Multiple Displacement Amplification (MDA) and checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the microbiota present in infections refractory to endodontic treatment. Methods The subjects of this study were 40 patients presenting periapical lesions refractory to endodontic treatment. Samples were taken by scraping or filing root canal walls with a #10 K-type hand file. Sample DNA was amplified by MDA, and the levels of 107 bacterial taxa were analyzed by checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization. The taxa were divided into three distinct microbial populations, depending on their mean proportion in samples (% DNA probe counts ± SEM), as follows: dominant (≥3.0%), sub-dominant (>1.6 to 3.0%) and residual (≤1.6%) populations. The significance of differences was determined using the Mann-Whitney test. Results The taxa present with the highest mean proportions (constituting the dominant population) were Corynebacterium diphtheriae (8.03±0.98), Porphyromonas gingivalis (5.42±2.09), Streptococcus sobrinus (5.33±0.69), and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (4.72±1.73). Among the sub-dominant population were Eubacterium saphenum (3.85±1.06), Helicobacter pylori (3.16±0.62), Dialister pneumosintes (3.12±1.1), Clostridium difficile (2.74±0.41), Enterobacter agglomerans (2.64±0.54), Salmonella enterica (2.51±0.52), Mobiluncus mulieris (2.44±0.6), and Klebsiella oxytoca (2.32±0.66). In the population of bacteria present at the lowest mean proportions (the residual population), Bacteroides ureolyticus (0.04±0.01), Haemophilus influenzae (0.04±0.02), and Prevotella oris (0.01±0.01) were found at the lowest mean proportions. Enterococcus faecalis was detected in the residual population (0.52±0.26). Conclusion The microbial climax community in teeth refractory to endodontic treatment not only harbor medically important species, but also contains distinct microbial consortia present with different population levels.

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Statistical Relationship Between the Presence of Human Subgingival Anaerobic Diphtheroids and Periodontal Disease

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

Structure of the Microbial Flora Associated with Periodontal Health and Disease in Man: A Light and Electron Microscopic Study

Structure of the Microbial Flora Associated with Periodontal Health and Disease in Man: A Light and Electron Microscopic Study

Purification and Properties of a Bacteriocin-Like Substance (Acnecin) of Oral Propionibacterium acnes

Microbial Ecosystem Analysis in Root Canal Infections Refractory to Endodontic Treatment

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