Statistical properties of exoplanets

Udry, S.; Mayor, M.; Santos, N. C.

doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20030843

Cited by 190 publications

(195 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…These variations in the occurrence rate highlight the underlying populations of hot Jupiters, period-valley giants, and temperate giants that were already pointed out by RV surveys more than a decade ago by Udry et al (2003), among others. These populations of giant planets, especially the pile-up of hot Jupiters, were however not confirmed by previous analyses of the Kepler detections Fressin et al 2013).…”

Section: The Occurrence Rates and Their Uncertaintiessupporting

confidence: 66%

“…By computing this occurrence rate as a function of orbital periods, we recovered the three populations of giant planets already identified by RV surveys in the solar neighbourhood (e.g. Udry et al 2003): the hot Jupiters orbiting with periods of up to ten days, the period-valley giants with periods between 10 and ∼85 days, and the population of temperate giants with periods longer than ∼100 days. We note that these populations of giant planets, in particular the pile-up of hot Jupiters, were not recovered in previous studies of the Kepler candidates Fressin et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A lot of constraints on EGPs have already been added by radial velocity (RV) surveys (e.g. Santos et al 2001;Udry et al 2003;Howard et al 2010;Mayor et al 2016;Adibekyan et al 2013;Dawson & Murray-Clay 2013). However, these planets do not have a radius measurement (except for a few of them, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SOPHIE velocimetry ofKeplertransit candidates

Santerne

Moutou

Tsantaki

et al. 2016

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264

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While giant extrasolar planets have been studied for more than two decades now, there are still some open questions as to their dominant formation and migration processes, as well as to their atmospheric evolution in different stellar environments. In this paper, we study a sample of giant transiting exoplanets detected by the Kepler telescope with orbital periods up to 400 days. We first defined a sample of 129 giant-planet candidates that we followed up with the SOPHIE spectrograph (OHP, France) in a 6-year radial velocity campaign. This allowed us to unveil the nature of these candidates and to measure a false-positive rate of 54.6 ± 6.5% for giant-planet candidates orbiting within 400 days of period. Based on a sample of confirmed or likely planets, we then derived the occurrence rates of giant planets in different ranges of orbital periods. The overall occurrence rate of giant planets within 400 days is 4.6 ± 0.6%. We recovered, for the first time in the Kepler data, the different populations of giant planets reported by radial velocity surveys. Comparing these rates with other yields, we find that the occurrence rate of giant planets is lower only for hot Jupiters but not for the longer-period planets. We also derive a first measurement of the occurrence rate of brown dwarfs in the brown-dwarf desert with a value of 0.29 ± 0.17%. Finally, we discuss the physical properties of the giant planets in our sample. We confirm that giant planets receiving moderate irradiation are not inflated, but we find that they are on average smaller than predicted by formation and evolution models. In this regime of low-irradiated giant planets, we find a possible correlation between their bulk density and the iron abundance of the host star, which needs more detections to be confirmed.

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Section: The Occurrence Rates and Their Uncertaintiessupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SOPHIE velocimetry ofKeplertransit candidates

Santerne

Moutou

Tsantaki

et al. 2016

A&A

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264

263

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“…6). The period valley extends from ∼10 to ∼100 days (Udry et al 2003). It separates the pile-up of hot Jupiters from the population of giant planets with periods above ∼1 year.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The SOPHIE search for northern extrasolar planets

Boisse

Eggenberger

Santos

et al. 2010

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We report the detection of a Jupiter-mass planet discovered with the SOPHIE spectrograph mounted on the 1.93-m telescope at the Haute-Provence Observatory. The new planet orbits HD 109246, a G0V star slightly more metallic than the Sun. HD 109246b has a minimum mass of 0.77 M Jup , an orbital period of 68 days, and an eccentricity of 0.12. It is placed in a sparsely populated region of the period distribution of extrasolar planets. We also present a correction method for the so-called seeing effect that affects the SOPHIE radial velocities. We complement this discovery announcement with a description of some calibrations that are implemented in the SOPHIE automatic reduction pipeline. These calibrations allow the derivation of the photon-noise radial velocity uncertainty and some useful stellar properties (v sin i, [Fe/H], log R HK ) directly from the SOPHIE data.

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“…(3) The distribution of semimajor axes consists of a pile up of Hot Jupiters at about 0.03 AU, followed by a relative depletion (the "period valley") and finally an increase in frequency further out at about 1 AU (e.g. Udry et al 2003). Outside a few AU the limited time duration of the surveys does not allow definitive statements yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extrasolar planet population synthesis

Mordasini¹,

Alibert

Benz³

et al. 2009

A&A

343

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Context. This is the second paper in a series of papers showing the results of extrasolar planet population synthesis calculations using our extended core accretion model. In the companion paper (Paper I), we presented in detail the methods we use. In subsequent papers, we shall discuss the effect of the host star's mass on the planetary population and the influence of various properties of protoplanetary disks. Aims. In this second paper, we focus on planets orbiting solar-like stars. The goal is to use the main characteristics of the actually observed extrasolar planet population to derive in a statistical manner constraints on the planet formation models. Methods. Drawing initial conditions for our models at random from probability distributions derived as closely as possible from observations, we synthesize a number of planetary populations. By applying an observational detection bias appropriate for radial velocity surveys, we identify the potentially detectable synthetic planets. The properties of these planets are compared in quantitative statistical tests with the properties of a carefully selected sub-population of actually observed extrasolar planets. Results. We use a two dimensional Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to compare the mass-distance distributions of synthetic and observed planets, as well as the one dimensional version of the test to compare the M sin i, the semimajor axis and the [Fe/H] distribution. We find that while many combinations of parameters lead to unacceptable distributions, a number of models can account to a reasonable degree of statistical significance for most of the properties of the observed sample. We concurrently account for many other observed features, e.g. the "metallicity effect". This gives us confidence that our model captures several essential features of giant planet formation. In addition, the fact that many parameter combinations could be rejected indicates that planet population synthesis is indeed a promising approach to constrain formation models. Our simulations allow us also to extract a number of properties of the underlying exoplanet population that are not yet directly detectable. For example, we have derived the planetary initial mass function (PIMF) and have been led to conclude that the planets detected so far represent only the tip of the iceberg (9%) of all the existing planets. The PIMF can also be used to predict how the detectable extrasolar planet population will change as the instrumental precision of radial velocity surveys improves from ∼10 m/s to ∼1 m/s, or even to an extreme precision of 0.1 m/s.

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Statistical properties of exoplanets

Cited by 190 publications

References 25 publications

SOPHIE velocimetry ofKeplertransit candidates

SOPHIE velocimetry ofKeplertransit candidates

The SOPHIE search for northern extrasolar planets

Extrasolar planet population synthesis

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