Statistical Methods for Solving the Fuel Consumption/Emission Conflict on DI-Diesel Engines

Dimopoulos, P.; Schöni, Andreas; Eggimann, A.; Sparti, C.; Vaccarino, E.; Operti, C.

doi:10.4271/1999-01-1077

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In response to an increased number of parameters that can be calibrated, model-based calibration has been adopted by the diesel engine industry in the last decade or so, but only for steady-state calibration [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Transient calibration is currently a manual process depending on the expertise of the engineer and is largely performed to meet regulation rather than optimize the system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a model-based transient calibration process for diesel engine electronic control module tables – Part 1: data requirements, processing, and analysis

Brahma

Chi

2011

International Journal of Engine Research

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This is the first part of a study investigating a model-based transient calibration process for diesel engines. The motivation is to populate hundreds of parameters (which can be calibrated) in a methodical and optimum manner by using model-based optimization in conjunction with the manual process so that, relative to the manual process used by itself, a significant improvement in transient emissions and fuel consumption and a sizable reduction in calibration time and test cell requirements is achieved. Empirical transient modelling and optimization has been addressed in the second part of this work, while the required data for model training and generalization are the focus of the current work. Transient and steady-state data from a turbocharged multicylinder diesel engine have been examined from a model training perspective. A single-cylinder engine with external air-handling has been used to expand the steady-state data to encompass transient parameter space. Based on comparative model performance and differences in the non-parametric space, primarily driven by a high engine difference between exhaust and intake manifold pressures (DP) during transients, it has been recommended that transient emission models should be trained with transient training data. It has been shown that electronic control module (ECM) estimates of transient charge flow and the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) fraction cannot be accurate at the high engine DP frequently encountered during transient operation, and that such estimates do not account for cylinder-to-cylinder variation. The effects of high engine DP must therefore be incorporated empirically by using transient data generated from a spectrum of transient calibrations. Specific recommendations on how to choose such calibrations, how many data to acquire, and how to specify transient segments for data acquisition have been made. Methods to process transient data to account for transport delays and sensor lags have been developed. The processed data have then been visualized using statistical means to understand transient emission formation. Two modes of transient opacity formation have been observed and described. The first mode is driven by high engine DP and low fresh air flowrates, while the second mode is driven by high engine DP and high EGR flowrates. The EGR fraction is inaccurately estimated at both modes, while EGR distribution has been shown to be present but unaccounted for by the ECM. The two modes and associated phenomena are essential to understanding why transient emission models are calibration dependent and furthermore how to choose training data that will result in good model generalization.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a model-based transient calibration process for diesel engine electronic control module tables – Part 1: data requirements, processing, and analysis

Brahma

Chi

2011

International Journal of Engine Research

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“…The values in the grid maps are typically calibrated based on steady-state engine operation. Methods for this are well developed and described in the literature, and there are several examples of model-based methods for this (Brooks, Lumsden, & Blaxill, 2005;Burk, Jacquelin, & Wakeman, 2003;Desantes, López, García, & Hernández, 2002;Dimopoulos et al, 1999;Knafl, Hagena, Filipi, & Assanis, 2005;Montgomery & Reitz, 2000;Nozaki, Fukuma, & Tanaka, 2005;Qiang et al, 2004;Rask & Sellnau, 2004). A common approach is to approximate a given dynamic vehicle driving cycle as a limited number of steady-state engine operating points, and to calibrate set points in these operating points with respect to engineering targets for the complete cycle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model-based diesel Engine Management System optimization for transient engine operation

Grahn

Johansson

McKelvey

2014

Control Engineering Practice

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Citation for the published paper: Grahn, M. ; Johansson, K. ; McKelvey, T. (2014) "Model-based diesel Engine Management System optimization for transient engine operation". Control Engineering Practice, vol. 29 pp. 103-114.http://dx. a b s t r a c tA recently developed strategy to calculate set points for controllable diesel engine systems is described, further developed, and evaluated. The strategy calculates set points with an aim to minimize fuel consumption for a given dynamic vehicle driving cycle, while keeping accumulated emissions below given limits. The strategy is based on existing methodology for steady-state engine operation, but extended to handle transient effects in the engine caused by dynamics in the engine air system. Using the strategy, set points for the complete operating range of the engine can be calculated off-line and stored in an Engine Management System, hence set points can be derived for any (steady-state or transient) driving scenario. The strategy has been evaluated using a simulation model of a complete diesel engine vehicle system. The model estimates fuel consumption, NO X , and soot emissions for a dynamic vehicle driving cycle depending on set points for boost pressure, oxygen fraction in the intake manifold, and injection timing, throughout the simulation. Using this simulation model, the strategy has been shown to decrease fuel consumption for the New European Driving Cycle with 0.56%, the Federal Test Procedure with 1.04%, and the Japanese JC08 cycle with 0.84% compared to a strategy based on steady-state engine operation.

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“…To reduce such deterioration, new technologies such as the additional mechanical supercharging system [3], twin turbo system [4,5], turbocharger power assist system [6], variable geometry turbo charger system [7][8][9][10], and variable flow turbocharger [11] have been proposed in recent years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High pressure air spray assistant power supply control strategies and their effects on diesel engine under transient operations

Han

Liu

Wang

et al. 2007

Front. Energy Power Eng. China

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In order to reduce smoke from direct-injection (DI) turbo-charged and after-cooled (TCA) diesel engines under transient operations, the real-time controlling and measuring system of a high pressure air spray assistant power supply (HPAS) was developed. Effects of HPAS on a DI TCA diesel engine under constant engine speed and increased torque (CSIT) transient operations were studied by using different control strategies. Pre-spray (PS) strategy, which means supplying highly pressurized air into the exhaust manifold two seconds before the accelerating-graph begins to rise and stopping spraying air when the acceleratinggraph stops rising. Two other strategies-full-time-spray (FTS) and middle-time-spray (MTS)-were used to fully exploit HPAS potential. With the FTS and MTS strategies, the HPAS system can remarkably decrease smoke from DI TCA diesel engines under transient operations.

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Statistical Methods for Solving the Fuel Consumption/Emission Conflict on DI-Diesel Engines

Cited by 17 publications

References 6 publications

Development of a model-based transient calibration process for diesel engine electronic control module tables – Part 1: data requirements, processing, and analysis

Development of a model-based transient calibration process for diesel engine electronic control module tables – Part 1: data requirements, processing, and analysis

Model-based diesel Engine Management System optimization for transient engine operation

High pressure air spray assistant power supply control strategies and their effects on diesel engine under transient operations

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