Statistical methods applied to Rorschach scores: a review.

Cronbach, Lee J.

doi:10.1037/h0059467

Cited by 277 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Therefore, the person's average response level must be treated separately from the circumplex components per se. The preferred way to control for individual differences in people's average response level is to ipsatize the subscale scores by expressing each score as a deviation from the subject's own mean across all subscales (Cronbach, 1949;Horowitz et al, 1988;Strack, 1987;Wiggins & Pincus, 1989). The ipsatizing procedure has been shown to improve the circumplex properties of interpersonal measures (Paddock & Nowicki, 1986;Rinn, 1965;Wiggins et al, 1981).…”

Section: Interpersonal Problemsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model.

Bartholomew¹,

Horowitz²

1991

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

5,570

268

6,298

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A new 4-group model of attachment styles in adulthood is proposed. Four prototypic attachment patterns are defined using combinations of a person's self-image (positive or negative) and image of others (positive or negative). In Study 1, an interview was developed to yield continuous and categorical ratings of the 4 attachment styles. Intercorrelations of the attachment ratings were consistent with the proposed model. Attachment ratings were validated by self-report measures of self-concept and interpersonal functioning. Each style was associated with a distinct profile of interpersonal problems, according to both self-and friend-reports. In Study 2, attachment styles within the family of origin and with peers were assessed independently. Results of Study I were replicated. The proposed model was shown to be applicable to representations of family relations; Ss' attachment styles with peers were correlated with family attachment ratings.This article describes a new model of attachment styles in adulthood. Drawing on the theory of Bowlby (1973, 1980, 1982a), two types of internal working models are postulatedan internal model of the self and an internal model of others. Each internal model can be dichotomized as positive or negative to yield four theoretical attachment styles. This article summarizes the relevant childhood attachment literature, reviews recent work on adult attachment, describes the new model, and then presents two empirical studies designed to validate the proposed model.

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Section: Interpersonal Problemsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model.

Bartholomew¹,

Horowitz²

1991

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

5,570

268

6,298

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…by the number of responses (R) has been debated (e.g., Cronbach, 1949;Fiske & Baughman, 1953). Some have recommended that R be controlled to improve the psychometric efficiency and usefulness of the test (Cronbach, 1949;Holtzman, 1958;Meyer, 1992).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some have recommended that R be controlled to improve the psychometric efficiency and usefulness of the test (Cronbach, 1949;Holtzman, 1958;Meyer, 1992). When Exner created the Comprehensive System (CS) in 1974, he considered but decided not to restrain R because his data revealed less variation in R than others had found.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison Between Comprehensive System and an Early Version of the Rorschach Performance Assessment System Administration With Outpatient Children and Adolescents

Reese¹,

Viglione

Giromini

2014

Journal of Personality Assessment

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For many years, the effects of variability in the length of Rorschach records has been debated, and a new administration procedure aimed at reducing the proportion of short and long records has recently been introduced. Using an outpatient sample of children and adolescents, the current study explored the impact of this new administration, found in the Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS), on the central tendencies of Rorschach variables. Specifically, the mean values of 51 variables in 142 Comprehensive System vs. 99 R-PAS collected records were compared with each other. Results showed comparable mean values across CS and R-PAS administration methods for the variables that guide interpretation with children and adolescents.Both methods produced an equivalent number of long (>27 responses) records. The only relevant difference that emerged is that the R-PAS administration yielded significantly fewer short (14-16 responses) records and lower variability in the number of responses.

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“…Despite the accumulation 8 of some J, 000 research studies and texts in t.;hich countless features and relationships of the blots have been explored, the validity findings remain inconclusive. Rorschach's inkblots have introduced unconventional problems and have required statistical methods which are still imperfectly developed (Cronbach, 1949). All too often the blots have proven to be inaccessible to empirical treatment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of Utility in Rorschach Interpretation

Potkay¹

1971

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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Statistical methods applied to Rorschach scores: a review.

Cited by 277 publications

References 65 publications

Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model.

Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model.

A Comparison Between Comprehensive System and an Early Version of the Rorschach Performance Assessment System Administration With Outpatient Children and Adolescents

Sources of Utility in Rorschach Interpretation

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