Statistical Mechanics of Systems with Negative Temperature

Baldovin, Marco; Iubini, Stefano; Livi, Roberto; Vulpiani, Angelo

doi:10.48550/arxiv.2103.12572

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 172 publications

(389 reference statements)

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“…The negative entropy also results in the negative temperature of the white hole 1 (see also Refs. [25][26][27] on negative temperature in condensed matter and relativistic physics).…”

Section: Negative Entropy Of White Holementioning

confidence: 99%

From black hole to white hole via the intermediate static state

Volovik

2021

Preprint

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We discuss the macroscopic quantum tunneling from the black hole to the white hole of the same mass. Previous calculations in Ref. [1] demonstrated that the probability of the tunneling is p ∝ exp(−2SBH), where SBH is the entropy of the Schwarzschild black hole. This in particular suggests that the entropy of the white hole is with minus sign the entropy of the black hole, SWH(M ) = −SBH(M ) = −A/(4G). Here we use a different way of calculations. We consider three different types of the hole objects: black hole, white hole and the fully static intermediate state. The probability of tunneling transitions between these three states is found using singularities in the coordinate transformations between these objects. The black and white holes are described by the Painleve-Gullstrand coordinates with opposite shift vectors, while the intermediate state is described by the static Schwarzschild coordinates. The singularities in the coordinate transformations lead to the imaginary part in the action, which determines the tunneling exponent. For the white hole the same negative entropy is obtained, while the intermediate state -the fully static hole -has zero entropy. This procedure is extended to the Reissner-Nordström black hole and to its white and static partners, and also to the entropy and temperature of the de Sitter Universe.

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“…The negative entropy also results in the negative temperature of the white hole 1 (see also Refs. [25][26][27] on negative temperature in condensed matter and relativistic physics).…”

Section: Negative Entropy Of White Holementioning

confidence: 99%

From black hole to white hole via the intermediate static state

Volovik

2021

Preprint

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“…The negative temperature is a well defined quantity, especially in condensed matter systems, see review Ref. 23 .…”

Section: B Negative Entropymentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle creation: Schwinger + Unruh + Hawking

Volovik¹

2022

Preprint

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We discuss the interconnection between the Schwinger pair creation in electric field, Hawking radiation and particle creation in the Unruh effect. All three processes can be described in terms of the entropy and temperature. These thermodynamic like processes can be combined. We consider the combined process of creation of charged and electrically neutral particles in the electric field, which combine the Schwinger and Unruh effects. We also consider the creation of the charged black and white holes in electric field, which combines the Schwinger effect and the black hole entropy. The combined processes obey the sum rules for the entropy and for the inverse temperature. Some contributions to the entropy and to the temperature are negative, which reflects the quantum entanglement between the created objects.

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“…The negative temperature is a well defined quantity in condensed matter, see review Ref. 63 . It typically takes place in the subsystem of nuclear spins, where the energy is restricted from above.…”

Section: G Negative Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Macroscopic quantum tunneling: from quantum vortices to black holes and Universe

Volovik¹

2021

Preprint

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The paper has been prepared for the JETP issue, dedicated to the 95th anniversary of the birth of E.I. Rashba. E. Rashba stood at the origins of macroscopic quantum tunneling together with his colleagues from the Landau Institute S.V. Iordansky and A.M. Finkelshtein. They pave the way for studying macroscopic quantum tunneling in various systems. In this paper, this approach is extended to cosmological objects such as a black hole and de Sitter Universe.

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Statistical Mechanics of Systems with Negative Temperature

Cited by 4 publications

References 172 publications

From black hole to white hole via the intermediate static state

From black hole to white hole via the intermediate static state

Particle creation: Schwinger + Unruh + Hawking

Macroscopic quantum tunneling: from quantum vortices to black holes and Universe

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