Statistical hadronization of charm at SPS, RHIC and LHC

Andronic, A.; Braun‐Munzinger, P.; Redlich, K.; Stachel, J.

doi:10.1016/s0375-9474(02)01507-5

Cited by 82 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Importantly, the data at SPS and RHIC energy comprise multi-strange hadrons including the Ω and Figure 2. Energy dependence of charged particle and transverse energy production at midrapidity in central nucleus-nucleus collisions [12] Ω. Their yields agree very well with the chemical equilibrium calculation and are strongly enhanced as compared to observations in pp collisions.…”

Section: Hadron Production and The Qcd Phase Boundarysupporting

confidence: 68%

Relativistic Nuclear Collisions and the QCD Phase Boundary

Braun‐Munzinger

2005

Nuclear Physics A

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In nucleus-nucleus collisions at ultra-relativistic energies matter is formed with initial energy density significantly exceeding the critical energy density for the transition from hadronic to partonic matter. We will review the experimental evidence for this new form of matter -the Quark-Gluon Plasma -from recent experiments at the SPS and RHIC with emphasis on collective behavior, thermalization, and its opacity for fast partons. We will further show that one can determine from the data a fundamental QCD parameter, the critical temperature for the QCD phase transition.

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Section: Hadron Production and The Qcd Phase Boundarysupporting

confidence: 68%

Relativistic Nuclear Collisions and the QCD Phase Boundary

Braun‐Munzinger

2005

Nuclear Physics A

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“…The observed multiplicities in central collisions of heavy systems at RHIC and SPS energies can be well described assuming that the hadrons are in statistical equilibrium at a temperature close to the critical temperature predicted by lattice gauge calculations [3,4,5,6]. The chemical potential which is obtained by a fit to the data is small and therefore the relation to the originally predicted enhancement [1] is not evident.…”

Section: Pacs Numbersmentioning

confidence: 97%

Centrality dependence of strangeness enhancement in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions: A core-corona effect

Aichelin

Werner

2009

Phys. Rev. C

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In ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions, the multiplicity of multi-strange baryons per participating nucleon increases with centrality in a different fashion for different systems and energies. At RHIC, for copper+copper (CuCu) collisions the increase is much steeper than for gold-gold (AuAu) collisions. We show that this system size dependence is due to a core-corona effect: the relative importance of the corona as compared to the core (thermalized matter) contribution varies and the contribution of a corona nucleon to the multiplicity differs from that of a core nucleon. φ mesons follow -as all hadrons -the same trend, but the difference between core and corona multiplicity is relatively small, and therefore the CuCu and AuAu results are quite similar. This simple geometrical explanation makes also a strong case in favor of the validity of Glauber geometry in the peripheral regions of ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions, which is crucial for understanding the early evolution of the system. PACS numbers:Even before the first relativistic heavy ion beam has been delivered, the enhancement of the production of strange particles has been considered as a possible signal for the existence of a plasma composed of quarks and gluons (QGP) [1]. This enhancement may occur if due to compression the chemical potential of the up and down quarks becomes that large that the system creates preferably strange quarks and antiquarks which materialize finally into strange hadrons. Since then strangeness enhancement is one of the hot topics in the analysis ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions.In the meantime heavy ion experiments have revealed that the multiplicity per participating nucleon of (multi)strange baryons is up to 20 times larger than that observed in pp collisions per participating proton at the same energy and that this enhancement is strongly centrality dependent [2]. The observed multiplicities in central collisions of heavy systems at RHIC and SPS energies can be well described assuming that the hadrons are in statistical equilibrium at a temperature close to the critical temperature predicted by lattice gauge calculations [3,4,5,6]. The chemical potential which is obtained by a fit to the data is small and therefore the relation to the originally predicted enhancement [1] is not evident.Despite of many efforts, the centrality dependence of this experimentally observed enhancement has not yet found a generally accepted explanation. In (grand) canonical statistical models the enhancement for symmetric systems is not dependent on the centrality. It has been advocated that the increase with centrality may be due to finite size effects (canonical suppression), but this gives only a sizable effect for very small volumes [7]. To agree with data one needs to assume that the effective volume depends on the number of participants as N 1/3 part , which is in contradiction to the observation at lower beam energies and which has not found a physical explanation yet. It has also been shown that the centrality dependence c...

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“…Now to calculate the initial temperature in our calculations we have used a parameterization based on ideal thermal gas approximation [46,48] where…”

Section: Soft 'Thermal' Hadron Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transverse momentum distribution and elliptic flow of charged hadrons in $$U+U$$ U + U collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{NN}}=193$$ s NN = 193 GeV using HYDJET++

et al. 2018

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Recent experimental observations of the charged hadron properties in U + U collisions at 193 GeV contradict many of the theoretical models of particle production including two-component Monte Carlo Glauber model. The experimental results show a small correlation between the charged hadron properties and the initial geometrical configurations (e.g. body-body, tip-tip etc.) of U +U collisions. In this article, we have modified the Monte Carlo HYDJET++ model to study the charged hadron production in U + U collisions at 193 GeV center-of-mass energy in tip-tip and body-body initial configurations. We have modified the hard as well as soft production processes to make this model suitable for U + U collisions. We have calculated the pseudorapidity distribution, transverse momentum distribution and elliptic flow distribution of charged hadrons with different control parameters in various geometrical configurations possible for U + U collision. We find that HYDJET++ model supports a small correlation between the various properties of charged hadrons and the initial geometrical configurations of U + U collision. Further, the results obtained in modified HYDJET++ model regarding dn ch /dη and elliptic flow (v 2 ) suitably matches with the experimental data of U + U collisions in minimum bias configuration.

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Statistical hadronization of charm at SPS, RHIC and LHC

Cited by 82 publications

References 13 publications

Relativistic Nuclear Collisions and the QCD Phase Boundary

Relativistic Nuclear Collisions and the QCD Phase Boundary

Centrality dependence of strangeness enhancement in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions: A core-corona effect

Transverse momentum distribution and elliptic flow of charged hadrons in $$U+U$$ U + U collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{NN}}=193$$ s NN = 193 GeV using HYDJET++

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