Statistical Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Slag Based Alkali-Activated Material

Sisol, Martin; Kudelas, Dušan; Marcin, Michal; Holub, Tomáš; Varga, Péter Pál

doi:10.3390/su11215935

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“… 55 − 57 Commonly used ratios fall within the range of 0.6 to 2 with the authors reporting various optimum values. 57 − 62 It was necessary to determine the minimum Ms that would help to achieve a workable solution. Figure 6 compares the behavior of alkaline solutions with Ms of 0.7, 0.9, and 1.1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The silicate modulus (Ms) of the sodium silicate solution controls the extent of gepolymerization and hence affects parameters like setting, viscosity, and strength. − Commonly used ratios fall within the range of 0.6 to 2 with the authors reporting various optimum values. − It was necessary to determine the minimum Ms that would help to achieve a workable solution. Figure compares the behavior of alkaline solutions with Ms of 0.7, 0.9, and 1.1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Elevated Temperature on the Microstructure of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer

2022

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Currently, geopolymer is being considered as a future oil-well cement. For wellbore applications, geopolymers are initially tested at specific temperature conditions. However, an oil-wellbore may experience a sudden increase in temperature which may adversely affect geopolymer systems designed for low to moderate temperature conditions. In this work, the effect of elevated temperatures on the microstructure of the geopolymer was simulated. Metakaolin-based geopolymer systems cured at 163 °F for 48 h were subjected to a temperature ramp of 194 °F and 248 °F for 24 h. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry analysis techniques were used to study the microstructural changes. The analytical techniques show the formation of new crystalline phases when the geopolymer cured at 163 °F was suddenly exposed to higher temperatures. These crystalline phases, for instance, gobbinsite and anorthite, observed in the microstructure have the potential to cause thermal stress, weaken the system, and ultimately affect the geopolymer’s ability to effectively isolate the formation and support the casing.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Elevated Temperature on the Microstructure of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer

2022

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“…From the results, it is observed that the ratio of Si/Al varies from 3.13 to 4.56, which represent medium silica zeolites (range from 3 to 10). The range of Si/Al from 3.13 to 3.9 produces higher compressive strengths (Sisol et al, 2019) Durability and microstructure study 4.3 X-ray diffraction analysis XRD analysis was performed to investigate the crystalline phases of the samples and the effect of different exposure conditions at 2ϴ angles ranging from 10 to 70°. Table 4 and XRD graphs show that the AASC structure exhibits major crystalline phases of SiO 2 with a maximum peak at 2ϴ = 26.34°to 26.592°for all exposure conditions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Durability and microstructure study of alkali-activated slag concrete with quartz sand subjected to different exposure conditions

Karri

Raju

Veerni

2021

JEDT

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Purpose One of the sources for the increase in the carbon footprint on the earth is the manufacturing of cement, which causes a severer environmental impact. Abundant research is going on to diminish CO2 content in the atmosphere by appropriate utilization of waste by-products of industries. Alkali-activated slag concrete (AASC) is an innovative green new concrete made by complete replacement of cement various supplementary cementitious raw materials. Concrete is a versatile material used in different fields of structures, so it is very important to study the durability in different exposures along with the strength. The purpose of this paper is to study the performance of AASC by incorporating quartz sand as fine aggregate under different exposure conditions. Design/methodology/approach The materials for this innovative AASC are selected based on preliminary studies and literature surveys. Based on numerous trials a better performance mix proportion of AASC with quartz sand is developed with 1:2:4 mix proportion, 0.8 alkali Binder ratio, 19 M of NaOH and 50% concentration of Na2SiO3. Subsequently, AASC cubes are prepared and exposed for 3, 7, 14, 28, 56, 90, 112, 180, 252 and 365 days in ambient, acid, alkaline, sulfate, chloride and seawater and tested for compressive strength. In addition, to study the microstructural characteristics, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis was also performed. Findings Long-term performance of AASC developed with quartz sand is very good in the ambient, alkaline environment of 5% NaOH and seawater with the highest compressive strength values of 51.8, 50.83 and 64.46, respectively. A decrease in compressive strengths was observed after the age of 14, 56 and 112 days for acid, chloride and sulfate exposure conditions, respectively. SEM image shows a denser microstructure of AASC matrix for ambient, alkaline of 5% NaOH and seawater. Research limitations/implications The proposed AASC is prepared with a mix proportion of 1:2:4, so the other proportions of AASC need to verify. In general plain, AASC is not used in practice except in few applications, in this work the effect of reinforced AASC is not checked. The real environmental exposure in fields may not create for AASC, as it was tested in different exposure conditions in the laboratory. Practical implications The developed AASC is recommended in practical applications where early strength is required, where the climate is hot, where water is scarce for curing, offshore and onshore constructions exposed to the marine environment and alkaline environment industries like breweries, distilleries and sewage treatment plants. As AASC is recommended for ambient air and in other exposures, its implementation as a construction material will reduce the carbon footprint. Originality/value The developed AASC mix proportion 1:2:4 is an economical mix, because of low binder content, but it exhibits a higher early age compressive strength value of 45.6 MPa at the age of 3 days. The compressive strength increases linearly with age from 3 to 365 days when exposed to seawater and ambient air. The performance of AASC is very good in the ambient, alkaline environment and seawater compared to other exposure conditions.

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“…Trochez et al [18] In some studies, the ratio criteria for geopolymer compositions were utilized with Na 2 O instead of Al 2 O 3 . An investigation was conducted by Sisol et al [19] on the SiO 2 /Na 2 O ratio and the content of Na 2 O as an alkali activated precursor to develop hardened blast furnace slag-based geopolymers. The varying ratios of SiO 2 /Na 2 O at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.2 and 1.4 were adopted in a series of investigations, to assess the mechanical strength of compositions.…”

Section: Industrial Waste Materials and Their Chemical Compounds/elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Industrial By-Products/Waste to Manufacture Geopolymer Cement/Concrete

Azad

Samarakoon

2021

Sustainability

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There has been a significant movement in the past decades to develop alternative sustainable building material such as geopolymer cement/concrete to control CO2 emission. Industrial waste contains pozzolanic minerals that fulfil requirements to develop the sustainable material such as alumino-silicate based geopolymer. For example, industrial waste such as red mud, fly ash, GBFS/GGBS (granulated blast furnace slag/ground granulated blast furnace slag), rice husk ash (RHA), and bagasse ash consist of minerals that contribute to the manufacturing of geopolymer cement/concrete. A literature review was carried out to study the different industrial waste/by-products and their chemical composition, which is vital for producing geopolymer cement, and to discuss the mechanical properties of geopolymer cement/concrete manufactured using different industrial waste/by-products. The durability, financial benefits and sustainability aspects of geopolymer cement/concrete have been highlighted. As per the experimental results from the literature, the cited industrial waste has been successfully utilized for the synthesis of dry or wet geopolymers. The review revealed that that the use of fly ash, GBFS/GGBS and RHA in geopolymer concrete resulted high compressive strength (i.e., 50 MPa–70 MPa). For high strength (>70 MPa) achievement, most of the slag and ash-based geopolymer cement/concrete in synergy with nano processed waste have shown good mechanical properties and environmental resistant. The alkali-activated geopolymer slag, red mud and fly ash based geopolymer binders give a better durability performance compared with other industrial waste. Based on the sustainability indicators, most of the geopolymers developed using the industrial waste have a positive impact on the environment, society and economy.

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Statistical Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Slag Based Alkali-Activated Material

Cited by 15 publications

References 27 publications

Effect of Elevated Temperature on the Microstructure of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer

Effect of Elevated Temperature on the Microstructure of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer

Durability and microstructure study of alkali-activated slag concrete with quartz sand subjected to different exposure conditions

Utilization of Industrial By-Products/Waste to Manufacture Geopolymer Cement/Concrete

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