Statistical Estimation of 12d for Radappertized Foods

Ross, Ernest

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1974.tb17983.x

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This is despite extensive Cl. botulinum inoculated pack studies carried out at the US Army Research Laboratories at Natick, MA in the 1950s and 1960s, which laid the foundation for the safe irradiation sterilization of food using doses of 25-40 kGy or so, depending on the intrinsic preservation factors operating in particular food and the temperature during irradiation (Ross 1974;Anellis et al 1979). So, with the exception of rations for the military, for astronauts and for immunocompromised patients, sterilization of food by irradiation has remained unexploited with a few minor exceptions (e.g.…”

Section: Inactivation By Ionizing Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inactivation By Ionizing Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

History of science – spores.

Gould

2006

J Appl Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bacterial endospores were first studied 130 years ago by Cohn in 1876 and independently by Koch in the same year. Although spore dormancy and resistance have been much studied since then, questions still remain concerning the basic mechanisms and the kinetics of heat inactivation in particular. Likewise, the extreme dormancy and longevity of spores was recognized early on and later greatly extended but still evade complete understanding. Evidence has accumulated for the involvement of specific spore components such as calcium, dipicolinic acid, small acid soluble proteins in the core and peptidoglycan in the cortex. Involvement of physical factors too, such as the relative dehydration of the core, maybe in a high‐viscosity state or even in a glassy state, has added to appreciation of the multicomponent nature of dormancy and resistance. Spore‐former morphology formed the basis for early classification systems of sporeformers from about 1880 and consolidated in the mid‐1900s, well prior to the use of modern genetic procedures. With respect to sporulation, groundbreaking sequence studies in the 1950s provided the basis for later elucidation of the genetic control widely relevant to many cell differentiation mechanisms. With respect to the breaking of dormancy (activation and germination), the elucidation of mechanisms began in the 1940s following the observations of Hills at Porton who identified specific amino acid and riboside ‘germinants’, and laid the basis for the later genetic analyses, the identification of germinant receptor genes and the elucidation of key germination reactions. The nonexponential nature of germination kinetics has thwarted the development of practical Tyndallization‐like processing. So inactivation by heat remains the premier method of spore control, the basis of a huge worldwide industry, and still relying on the basic kinetics of inactivation of Clostridium botulinum spores, and the reasoning regarding safety first evolved by Bigelow et al. in 1920 and Esty and Meyer in 1922. ‘Newer’ processes such as treatment with ionizing radiation (first proposed in 1905) and high hydrostatic pressure (first proposed in 1899) may be introduced if consumer resistance and some remaining technical barriers could be overcome.

show abstract

Section: Inactivation By Ionizing Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inactivation By Ionizing Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

History of science – spores.

Gould

2006

J Appl Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…' Obtained by extreme value statistics (44).°S ee reference 10. food. The traditional concept takes into account only the first distribution function and assumes it to be a simple exponential, whereas the second one has rarely, if ever, been considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%