Statistical Correlation Between DEMETER Satellite Electronic Perturbations and Global Earthquakes With M ≥ 4.8

The Study on Anomalies of the Geomagnetic Topology Network Associated with the 2022 Ms6.8 Luding Earthquake

“…In particular, the development of the lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling (LAIC) mechanism has brought us new findings and understandings of the process of earthquake preparation [5][6][7]. Currently, the most reliable methods of recognizing earthquake precursors are considered to be the multicomponent and multi-method analysis [8][9][10][11]. For example, Pulinets et al [12] adopted a multi-method way to validate the precursory phenomena in the ionospheric of the 1999 Hector Mine and 2019 Ridgecrest earthquakes: firstly, they computed the time-series of ∆TEC% around the earthquakes and found there are likely positive night-time deviations before the earthquakes; secondly, they started cognitive recognition through the precursor mask approach [13], which is a special visualization pattern analysis to check the possible precursors; thirdly, they revealed the increased spatial variability by calculating the root mean square deviation (RMSD) to further validate the precursor mask; next, to further prove that suspicious variations, they used a cross-correlation technique to reveal the reliability of the precursor mask [14]; and lastly, they demonstrated the precursors based on the physical mechanisms of their generation and the morphology of their behavior during the precursory period.…”