Statistical Comparison of the Hardness and Scratch-Resistance of the PMMA Polymers Used in Orthodontic Appliances

Domagała, Ivo; Gil, L.; Firlej, Marcel; Pieniak, Daniel; Selech, Jarosław; Romek, Dawid; Biedziak, Barbara

doi:10.12913/22998624/127437

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Such forces can arise in orthodontic treatment of involuntary tooth clenching. The action of these forces can lead to permanent damage through local deformation of a material used for orthodontic appliances where concentrated biomechanical forces act, e.g., due to contact with canine cusps [ 70 ]. Orthodontic appliances that serve to prevent the effects of these diseases should take over these pathological forces and movements to relieve pressure on teeth without a loss of functionality when used by a patient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Statistical Comparability of the Hardness and Wear of Polymeric Materials for Orthodontic Applications

et al. 2021

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Background: Clinical success depends on the contact strength and wear resistance of medical devices made of polymer materials. The scientific goal resulted from the problem of using different methods of surface evaluation of materials used in the production of orthodontic appliances. The purpose of the work was an experimental comparative assessment of indentation hardness and scratch hardness and the sliding wear of four selected polymeric materials used in the manufacture of orthodontic appliances. Methods: Four commercial materials were compared. Shore hardness tests and a scratch test with a Rockwell indenter were performed. A sliding wear test was performed using the ball-on-disc method. Statistical PCA and correlation analyses were performed. Results: The results of scratch hardness measurements using a contact profilometer correlated with the Shore hardness to a greater extent than measurements made using an optical microscope. PCA showed that Shore hardness explains 45% of the total variance in all the results across the materials. Conclusions: The scratch hardness method allows for a more explicit ranking of orthodontic polymeric materials when measurements are made with a profilometer. The ranking of sliding wear resistance should be made separately.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Statistical Comparability of the Hardness and Wear of Polymeric Materials for Orthodontic Applications

et al. 2021

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“…In [77] it was found that in the environment of physiological fluids a decrease in polymer creep resistance may occur, which may be associated with the diffusion of liquid particles between polymer chains. On the one hand, these particles can act as a plasticising agent and, on the other hand, as a factor causing stress corrosion, which accelerates the process of material destruction [78,79]. The coexistence of biomechanical forces and oral environment factors for several hours a day determines the durability of the biomechanical orthodontic appliance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bending Behaviour of Polymeric Materials Used on Biomechanics Orthodontic Appliances

et al. 2020

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This paper discusses the issues of strength and creep of polymeric materials used in orthodontic appliances. Orthodontic biomechanics is focused on the movement of individual teeth or dental groups as a result of the force applied by orthodontic appliances. Stresses in the construction of functional and biomechanical appliances is generated when using the apparatus in the oral cavity. The orthodontic appliance must maintain its shape and not be damaged during treatment so strength and creep resistance are fundamental properties. It was assumed that the clinical success of orthodontic appliances can be determined by these performance properties. The aim of the work was the experimental assessment of comparative bending strength and creep resistance of selected popular polymer materials used in the production of biomechanical orthodontic appliances. Four commercial materials manufactured by the world class producers were tested: NextDent Ortho Rigid (Vertex-Dental B.V., Soesterberg, The Netherlands) marked as “1A”; Erkocryl (ERKODENT Erich Kopp GmbH, Pfalzgrafenweiler, Germany)-“2A”; Vertex Orthoplast (Vertex Dental B.V.), blue, marked as “3A” and material with the same name as “3A” but orange, marked in the article as “4A”. All the tests were carried out after aging in artificial saliva for 48 h at a temperature of 37 °C. Flexular strength and flexular modulus were made using the three point bending method according to the ISO 178 technical standard. Creep tests were carried out according to the method contained in ISO 899-2. The creep test was carried out in an artificial saliva bath at 37 °C. The creep tests showed significant differences in the strength, modulus and deformability of the tested materials. The strength reliability of the tested materials also varied. The research shows that the 2A material can be used for orthodontic applications in which long-term stresses should be lower than 20 MPa.

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“…The Shore D hardness of the samples was measured by indentation with a durometer for hard rubbers, semi-rigid plastics and hard plastics according to [32]. Hardness was recorded after 3 s from the penetration of the indenter inside the tested epoxy sample.…”

Section: Hardnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Depolymerization of Epoxy Resins: A Novel Approach to a Complex Challenge

et al. 2022

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The objective of this project is evaluating the potential of microbes (fungi and bacteria) for the depolymerization of epoxy, aiming at the development of a circular management of natural resources for epoxy in a long-term prospective. For depolymerization, epoxy samples were incubated for 1, 3, 6 and 9 months in soil microcosms inoculated with Ganoderma adspersum. Contact angle data revealed a reduction in the hydrophobicity induced by the fungus. Environmental scanning electron microscopy on epoxy samples incubated for more than 3 years in microbiological water revealed abundant microbiota. This comprised microbes of different sizes and shapes. The fungi Trichoderma harzianum and Aspergillus calidoustus, as well as the bacteria Variovorax sp. and Methyloversatilis discipulorum, were isolated from this environment. Altogether, these results suggest that microbes are able to colonize epoxy surfaces and, most probably, also partially depolymerize them. This could open promising opportunities for the study of new metabolisms potentially able depolymerize epoxy materials.

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Statistical Comparison of the Hardness and Scratch-Resistance of the PMMA Polymers Used in Orthodontic Appliances

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

Analysis of the Statistical Comparability of the Hardness and Wear of Polymeric Materials for Orthodontic Applications

Analysis of the Statistical Comparability of the Hardness and Wear of Polymeric Materials for Orthodontic Applications

Bending Behaviour of Polymeric Materials Used on Biomechanics Orthodontic Appliances

Microbial Depolymerization of Epoxy Resins: A Novel Approach to a Complex Challenge

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