Statistical characteristics of evacuation without visibility in random walk model

Research on pedestrian escape route without visibility based on Markov chain model

“…(d) Assume invisibility. Because it often happens that smoke or a failure of the electrical power supply reduces the visibility significantly [8]. (e) When he/she reaches the boundaries (i.e., walls) of the room, the probabilities of turning to the left or right are both 0.5.…”

“…(f) Because a pedestrian would not like to adventure under panic, when he/she reaches a boundary (i.e., wall), he/she moves along the wall until he/she reaches one of the exits [8]. When a walker reaches the boundary (i.e., wall), he chooses the direction to the left or the right randomly with probability 0.5.…”

“…The transition probabilities, with which the pedestrian chooses the direction randomly, are given by a parameter representing the bias. For example, Nagatani and Nagai studied the stochastic characteristic of a pedestrian without visibility by the biased random walk model [8]. Another example is that Nagai et al obtained simulating trajectories from a dark room by the extended lattice gas model [3].…”

Human Evacuation Modeling

“…Subsequently, the authors extended their lattice gas model to simulate evacuation of subjects in the absence of visibility and found that addition of more exits did not improve escape time due to a kind of herding effect based on acoustic interactions in such situations [6]. Nagatani and Nagai [7] then derived the probability density distributions of the number of steps of a biased random walk to a wall during an evacuation process from a dark room, first contact point on the wall and the number of steps of a second walk along the wall. In a following study, the probability density distributions of escape times were also derived and shown to be dependent on exit configurations [8].…”

Design of People Evacuation From Rooms and Buildings

“…Egress modelling is one of the important means of egress investigation (Isobe 1992;Muramatsu et al 1999;Burstedde et al 2001;Tajima and Nagatani 2001;Kirchner and Schadschneider 2002;Nagatani and Nagai 2004;Kuligowski 2005;Nagai et al 2005;Nakayama et al 2005;Qiu et al 2005;Weng et al 2006;Yang et al 2006;Pelechano and Malkawi 2008;Tavares 2008). As typical models in evacuation modeling, the social force model (Helbing and Molnar 1995) and the discrete model (Isobe 1992), including lattice gas model and cellular automata model, are able to successfully simulate some typical phenomena observed in pedestrian dynamics.…”